{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:21:00Z","timestamp":1787764860548,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n \n The present study aimed at investigating the topical effect of the combination of\n Plantago ovata<\/jats:italic>\n and vinegar on the improvement of rural cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n The present randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial was performed on 42 patients with rural skin leishmaniasis. In the case group, in addition to injecting glucantime into the lesion according to the latest national instructions, a combination of\n P. ovata<\/jats:italic>\n and vinegar was applied topically twice a day for 8 weeks. In the control group, only glucantime injection into the lesion was performed for 8 weeks according to the latest national guidelines. At the end of the 1\n st<\/jats:sup>\n , 2\n nd<\/jats:sup>\n , 3\n rd<\/jats:sup>\n , 4\n th<\/jats:sup>\n , 8\n th<\/jats:sup>\n , and 12\n th<\/jats:sup>\n weeks after the intervention, the lesion area and improvement were evaluated and recorded.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The results of the present study indicated the lesion area in the case group with the mean of 0.35 \u00b1 0.39 cm and 0.18 \u00b1 0.27 cm in the 8\n th<\/jats:sup>\n and 12\n th<\/jats:sup>\n weeks, respectively was significantly less than that of the control group with the mean of 0.64 \u00b1 0.78 cm and 0.56 \u00b1 0.44, respectively (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). Twelve weeks after the intervention, 84.1% of the lesions in the case group and 65.9% of the lesions in the control group were completely improved (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n According to the results of the present study, the improvement of leishmaniasis lesion with the topical application of the combination of\n P. ovata<\/jats:italic>\n and vinegar was significantly more than that of the control group in the 8\n th<\/jats:sup>\n and 12\n th<\/jats:sup>\n weeks after the intervention.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/abr.abr_376_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T02:18:03Z","timestamp":1698373083000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Examination of the Topical Effect of the Combination of Plantago ovata and Vinegar on the Improvement of Rural Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Lesions"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Ebrahimzadeh Ardakani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Emtiazy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Persian Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hassan","family":"Lotfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Social Determents of Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrdad","family":"Mousavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Persian Medicine, Shahid 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