{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T17:30:21Z","timestamp":1786728621738,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy. We compared clinical, laboratory characteristics, and disease course of GBS subtypes in a large group of Iranian patients in Isfahan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We collected data from patients who were admitted to Alzahra referral university Hospital, Isfahan, Iran with a diagnosis of GBS. In this population-based cross-sectional research, characteristic of 388 cases with GBS between 2010 and 2015 were studied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current study recruited 388 patients with GBS including 241 males (62.1%) and 147 females (37.9%) with a mean age of 42.78 \u00b1 21.34. Patients with polyradiculopathy had the highest mean age of 55.12 \u00b1 20.59 years, whereas the least age was seen in acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) with the mean of 36.30 \u00b1 18.71 years. The frequency of GBS witnessed the highest frequency in spring with 113 cases (29.1%) and winter with 101 cases (26%). Patients' electrodiagnostic findings indicated that the highest frequency pertained to AMSAN with 93 cases (24%), whereas the least frequent diagnosis was acute Polyradiculopathy with 8 cases (2.1%). Most of the patients did not have any infections (53.6%) and among patients with infections, AMSAN had the highest frequency (22.9%) and finally, patients with AMSAN and AMAN had a higher length of stay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study demonstrated incidence, sex distribution, preceding infection, and surgery similar to previous studies. However, our data differs from a study in Tehran that showed acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy is more prevalent than other types and we found a seasonal preponderance in cold months, particularly in axonal types.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/abr.abr_50_17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,29]],"date-time":"2018-05-29T02:03:59Z","timestamp":1527559439000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Guillain-Barre Syndrome in Isfahan, Iran"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Behnaz","family":"Ansari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keivan","family":"Basiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeganeh","family":"Derakhshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farzaneh","family":"Kadkhodaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Asghar","family":"Okhovat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Sina Hospital, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"R1-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S92","DOI":"10.1086\/513793","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiologic features of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"176","author":"Hughes","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R2-20251008","first-page":"565","article-title":"Criteria for diagnosis of Guillain Barre syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Asbury","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R3-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-200110000-00009","article-title":"Epidemiology of the Guillain-Barre syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Govoni","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"R4-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1114525","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"366","author":"Yuki","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R5-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1159\/000324710","article-title":"Population incidence of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Sejvar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"R6-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2003.00065.x","article-title":"Acute flaccid paralysis in Australian children","volume":"39","author":"Morris","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"R7-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1977.02120190093022","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Another cause of the \u201cfloppy infant\u201d","volume":"131","author":"Carroll","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"R8-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.6.1246","article-title":"Neonatal Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: Blocking antibodies transmitted from mother to child","volume":"53","author":"Buchwald","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R9-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67665-9","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"366","author":"Hughes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R10-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1062261","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Burns","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"R11-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410270707","article-title":"Assessment of current diagnostic criteria for Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Asbury","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R12-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.54.11.957","article-title":"Treatment related fluctuations in Guillain Barr\u00e9 syndrome after high dose immunoglobulins or plasma exchange","volume":"54","author":"Kleyweg","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R13-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31824de293","article-title":"Evidence-based guideline: Intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of neuromuscular disorders: Report of the therapeutics and technology assessment subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology","volume":"78","author":"Patwa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R14-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt285","article-title":"Diagnosis of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome and validation of Brighton criteria","volume":"137","author":"Fokke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"R15-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/29.1.105","article-title":"Nutrition education in the medical school curriculum: A proposal for action: A curriculum design","volume":"29","author":"Frankle","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"R16-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2011.01503.x","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome in a tropical country: A Brazilian experience","volume":"125","author":"Dourado","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"R17-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90447-W","article-title":"Campylobacter serology in patients with Chinese paralytic syndrome","volume":"338","author":"Blaser","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R18-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61665-6","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome and H1N1 influenza vaccine in UK children","volume":"378","author":"Verity","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R19-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d5956","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5956","article-title":"Neurological and autoimmune disorders after vaccination against pandemic influenza A (H1N1) with a monovalent adjuvanted vaccine: Population based cohort study in Stockholm, Sweden","volume":"343","author":"Bardage","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R20-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.04.004","article-title":"H1N1 and seasonal influenza vaccine safety in the vaccine safety Datalink project","volume":"41","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"R21-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00562-6","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome outbreak associated with Zika virus infection in French Polynesia: A case-control study","volume":"387","author":"Cao-Lormeau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R22-20251008","article-title":"The epidemiology of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome in U.S","author":"Nelson","journal-title":"military personnel: A case-control study"},{"key":"R23-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2003.10.018","article-title":"Electrophysiological, clinical and epidemiological study of Guillain-Barre syndrome in Hong Kong Chinese","volume":"12","author":"Hui","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"R24-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02444006","article-title":"Guillain-Barre syndrome: A series observed at Riyadh armed forces hospital January 1984 \u2013 January 1994","volume":"243","author":"Bahou","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"R25-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2012.05.011","article-title":"Clinical variants of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome in children","volume":"47","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"R26-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440512","article-title":"Electrophysiological classification of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: Clinical associations and outcome. Plasma Exchange\/Sandoglobulin Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome Trial Group","volume":"44","author":"Hadden","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R27-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1159\/000090916","article-title":"Clinical and neurophysiological pattern of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome in Kuwait","volume":"15","author":"Nagarajan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"R28-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01071.x","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome in Pakistan: Similarity of demyelinating and axonal variants","volume":"13","author":"Shafqat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"R29-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/CND.0b013e31818e9510","article-title":"Electrodiagnostic and clinical aspects of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: An analysis of 142 cases","volume":"10","author":"Gupta","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Neuromuscul Dis"},{"key":"R30-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2013.11.041","article-title":"Clinical and electrophysiological features of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome in Iran","volume":"21","author":"Yadegari","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"R31-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20520","article-title":"Electrophysiological subtypes and prognosis of childhood Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome in Japan","volume":"33","author":"Nagasawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"R32-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1984.04050170057018","article-title":"Pain in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"41","author":"Ropper","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"R33-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199906)45:6<758::AID-ANA10>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Anti-galNAc-GD1a antibody-associated Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome with a predominantly distal weakness without cranial nerve impairment and sensory disturbance","volume":"45","author":"Hao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R34-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.3.555","article-title":"Campylobacter species and Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Nachamkin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"}],"container-title":["Advanced Biomedical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01679891-201807000-00087","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:29:24Z","timestamp":1786724964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01679891-201807000-00087"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/abr.abr_50_17","relation":{},"ISSN":["2277-9175"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2277-9175","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-04-01","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-11-01","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}