{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:24:29Z","timestamp":1787775869782,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is a prevalent and complex health issue in women. With the rising resistance to synthetic antifungal medications, there is a growing emphasis on exploring natural remedies that minimize disruption to the normal vaginal flora. The goal of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of vaginal Royal Jelly (RJ) compared with clotrimazole for VVC treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted from 2020 to 2022 at Iran University of Medical Sciences hospitals, involving a total of 90 patients diagnosed with vaginal candidiasis. Positive vaginal culture individuals were randomly allocated to receive either vaginal 1000 mg RJ soft gel capsules or (2%) Clotrimazole cream (45 participants per group). Clinical signs, symptoms, and laboratory tests were statistically compared at baseline and ten days post-treatment. The data were analyzed using the independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, and Wilcoxon tests through SPSS version 22.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After 10 days of treatment, both groups demonstrated a significant decrease in Candida culture results (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). RJ also positively impacted vaginal symptoms such as itching, discharge, and burning. Moreover, most patients in both groups became asymptomatic post-treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study points out the therapeutic effects of vaginal RJ, a novel natural drug for improving VVC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/abr.abr_69_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:10Z","timestamp":1745971210000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vaginal Royal Jelly for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Ramazany Chaleshtori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoodreza","family":"Madadian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azadeh","family":"Akbari Sane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shahid Akbar Abadi Clinical Research Development Unit (SHACRDU), Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farahnaz","family":"Farzaneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vida","family":"Kazemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Drug Research Center, Food and Drug Administration, MOHEME, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Montazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Firoozabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (FACRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Sarhadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam Taghavi","family":"Shirazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahla","family":"Mirgaloybayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2021-1007","article-title":"Comparison of the effectiveness of Satureja khuzestanica and clotrimazole vaginal creams for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis","volume":"14","author":"Jaldani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Life"},{"key":"R2-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.4103\/ijnmr.IJNMR_82_20","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of nika vaginal cream with clotrimazole cream on vaginal candidiasis symptoms: A randomized single-blind clinical trial","volume":"26","author":"Parsapour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res"},{"key":"R3-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S162","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab1057","article-title":"Vulvovaginal candidiasis: A review of the evidence for the 2021 centers for disease control and prevention of sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines","volume":"74","author":"Nyirjesy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R4-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104802","article-title":"Vulvovaginal candidiasis in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, demographic characteristics, risk factors, etiologic agents and laboratory diagnosis","volume":"154","author":"Sasani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"R5-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-019-0748-8","article-title":"Current patient perspectives of vulvovaginal candidiasis: Incidence, symptoms, management and post-treatment outcomes","volume":"19","author":"Yano","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"R6-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.23736\/S0392-0488.18.05943-6","article-title":"Clotrimazole-related allergic contact dermatitis","volume":"155","author":"Napolitano","year":"2020","journal-title":"G Ital Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R7-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13385","article-title":"Severe vulvovaginal allergic contact dermatitis due to clotrimazole contained in multiple topical products","volume":"82","author":"Corazza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"R8-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2020.1784236","article-title":"Efficacy of a vaginal tablet as a Persian medicine product on vulvovaginal candidiasis: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"58","author":"Khalilzadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharm Biol"},{"issue":"21","key":"R9-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21020382","article-title":"New insights into the biological and pharmaceutical properties of royal jelly","volume":"8","author":"Ahmad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R10-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259510","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1259510","article-title":"Honey, propolis, and royal jelly: A comprehensive review of their biological actions and health benefits","volume":"2017","author":"Pasupuleti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"R11-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12063","article-title":"The efficacy of topical royal jelly on healing of diabetic foot ulcers: A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"12","author":"Siavash","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"R12-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21020382","article-title":"New insights into the biological and pharmaceutical properties of royal jelly","volume":"21","author":"Ahmad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R13-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.IJPVM_420_18","article-title":"Antifungal effects of Iranian propolis extract and royal jelly against candida albicans in-vitro","volume":"12","author":"Moghim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"R14-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2018.06.230","article-title":"Antifungal effect of royal jelly on Candida albicans","volume":"280","author":"G\u00fcnalp","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biotech"},{"key":"R15-20250430","first-page":"Qc01","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of vaginal royal jelly and vaginal estrogen on quality of life, sexual and urinary function in postmenopausal women","volume":"10","author":"Seyyedi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R16-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974967","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/974967","article-title":"The effect of topical application of royal jelly on chemoradiotherapy-induced mucositis in head and neck cancer: A preliminary study","volume":"2014","author":"Yamauchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"R17-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3184","DOI":"10.19082\/3184","article-title":"Comparison between vaginal royal jelly and vaginal estrogen effects on quality of life and vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: A clinical trial study","volume":"8","author":"Seyyedi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Electron Physician"},{"key":"R18-20250430","first-page":"QC01","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of vaginal royal jelly and vaginal estrogen on quality of life, sexual and urinary function in postmenopausal women","volume":"10","author":"Seyyedi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R19-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-8-18","article-title":"CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials","volume":"8","author":"Schulz","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"R21-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3821","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01168-09","article-title":"Efficient diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis by use of a new rapid immunochromatography test","volume":"47","author":"Marot-Leblond","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R22-20250430","first-page":"1739729","article-title":"Comparison between the efficacy of nigella sativa-honey and clotrimazole on vulvovaginal candidiasis: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"2022","author":"Norouzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"R23-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.34172\/jcs.2020.024","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of honey gel and clotrimazole cream in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis signs: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"9","author":"Seifinadergoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Caring Sci"}],"container-title":["Advanced Biomedical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/abr.abr_69_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:44:20Z","timestamp":1787773460000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/abr.abr_69_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/abr.abr_69_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2277-9175"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2277-9175","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-16","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-22","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}