{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:46:36Z","timestamp":1791985596307,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gender disparities in academic medicine persist despite increasing female enrollment. Cardiac anesthesiology, a predominantly male subspecialty, may reflect systemic inequities. India contributes substantially to cardiac anesthesiology literature, yet the representation of Indian women within this global scholarly output remains uncharacterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cross-sectional study of four cardiac anesthesiology journals, January 2020 to January 2026. All articles published in the Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia, Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, and cardiac anesthesia section of Anesthesia and Analgesia analyzed. Author gender was determined by first-name analysis spanning 45 countries, supplemented by institutional verification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistical Analysis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Chi-square tests were used to compare gender proportions across authorship positions, journals, and article types. The Cochran\u2013Armitage trend test was used to assess linear temporal trends in female authorship over the study period.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 5,138 articles representing 22,829 author positions, women comprised 28.4% overall (F: M ratio 1:2.52). Female representation declined progressively from second authors (31.9%) to corresponding authors (22.5%) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Indian women represented 26.4% of Indian first authors and 18.1% of Indian corresponding authors, both significantly lower than non-Indian counterparts (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.009 and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001, respectively). Notably, Indian female first authorship showed a significant upward trend from 19.2% (2020) to 35.6% (2024) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22123.65,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant gender disparities persist across cardiac anesthesiology publications globally, specifically among Indian authors. The pronounced underrepresentation of Indian women in corresponding authorship, despite an encouraging upward trend in first authorship, highlights compounded systemic barriers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.aca_143_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:00:25Z","timestamp":1791824425000},"page":"564-569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Women\u2019s Representation in Cardiac Anesthesiology Publications: A Multi-journal Retrospective Analysis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Ashutosh","family":"Kaushal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumya","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuj","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikhil","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivanya","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sweta","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20261014","first-page":"1098","article-title":"Authorship gender trends in anesthesiology journals: A 10-year cross-sectional analysis","volume":"129","author":"Hart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R2-20261014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa053910","article-title":"The \"gender gap\" in authorship of academic medical literature--A 35-year perspective","volume":"355","author":"Jagsi","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R3-20261014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58807","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.58807","article-title":"COVID-19 medical papers have fewer women first authors than expected","volume":"9","author":"Andersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"R4-20261014","first-page":"669","article-title":"Inclusion of women in authorship in cardiothoracic surgery","volume":"111","author":"Leroux","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"R5-20261014","first-page":"e4628","article-title":"Gender disparity in academic neurosurgery","volume":"11","author":"Odell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R6-20261014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2017.06.001","article-title":"Where are the women? 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