{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T16:20:37Z","timestamp":1787847637774,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Prophylactic milrinone is commonly used to prevent Low Cardiac Output Syndrome (LCOS) after pediatric cardiac surgery. This study compares the use of levosimendan with milrinone when used as the primary inotrope following pediatric cardiac surgery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Subjects and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Forty infants undergoing corrective surgery for congenital heart disease were recruited during the study and randomized into two groups (group L and group M). During rewarming, a loading dose of levosimendan or milrinone was administered followed by a 24-hour infusion of the chosen inotrope. Echocardiographic variables were measured postoperatively. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS-20 computer package. Association between the variables was found by independent t test.\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Mean age and weight of the patient in Group L was 8.55 \u00b1 5.83 months and 6.05 \u00b1 2.09 kgs, while that in group M was 6.85 \u00b1 3.57 months and 5.26 \u00b1 2.11 kgs. 4 patients (20%) treated with levosimendan had LCOS in comparison with 6 (30%) patients in those treated with milrinone. Echocardiographic parameters in both groups L and M were comparable (cardiac index 3.47 \u00b1 0.76 vs 3.72 \u00b1 1.05 L\/min\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n , EF 66.10 \u00b1 7.82% vs 59.34 \u00b1 10.74%, stroke volume index 25.4 \u00b1 6.3 vs 27.74 \u00b1 10.35 mL\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ). The duration of ventilation, ICU stay and hospital stay were lesser in group L (12.75 \u00b1 9.69, 35.95 \u00b1 12.11, 119.10 \u00b1 46.397 vs 23.60 \u00b1 22.03, 51.20 \u00b1 29.92, 140.20 \u00b1 52.65 hours).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The incidence of LCOS was lesser in those patients treated with levosimendan, when compared with those treated with milrinone. Cardiac index and stroke volume index were comparable between the two groups. Thus, levosimendan provides a non-inferior alternative to milrinone when used as the primary inotrope following pediatric cardiac surgery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.aca_160_19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T11:23:44Z","timestamp":1618831424000},"page":"217-223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Clinical Efficacy of Levosimendan vs Milrinone in Preventing Low Cardiac Output Syndrome Following Pediatric Cardiac Surgery"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Kaushik","family":"Jothinath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soundaravalli","family":"Balakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijayakumar","family":"Raju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoba","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenit","family":"Osborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-15-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.51.5.867","article-title":"Cardiac performance and mortality early after intracardiac surgery in infants and young children","volume":"51","author":"Parr","year":"1975","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R2-15-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2174\/157489011794578455","article-title":"Levosimendan: From basic science to clinical trials","volume":"6","author":"Rognoni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Recent Pat Cardiovasc Drug Discov"},{"key":"R3-15-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2253-11-18","article-title":"Single-center experience with levosimendan in children undergoing cardiac surgery and in children with decompensated heart failure","volume":"11","author":"Suominen","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"R4-15-20240901","first-page":"CD011312","article-title":"Prophylactic levosimendan for the prevention of low cardiac output syndrome and mortality in paediatric patients undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease","volume":"3","author":"Hummel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R5-15-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.11.009","article-title":"The vasoactive-inotropic score and levosimendan: Time for LVIS?","volume":"27","author":"Favia","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"R6-15-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318232962a","article-title":"Effects of levosimendan on mortality and hospitalization. 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