{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:38:21Z","timestamp":1787071101164,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Moderate sedation is required for out-patient transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Our objective was to compare the effect of Ketofol and dexmedetomidine for outpatient procedural sedation in diagnostic TEE with a hypothesis that Ketofol would be as effective as dexmedetomidine.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Fifty adult patients of age group 18-60 years with atrial septal defect, rheumatic valvular heart disease undergoing diagnostic TEE in the outpatient echocardiography laboratory were randomized into two groups, group D and group KF. GROUP D: Dexmedetomidine infusion -200 \u03bcg in 20 ml normal saline. GROUP KF: Ketofol infusion: (ketamine: propofol, 1mg: 3 mg in 20 ml syringe). Loading dose of drug at 1ml\/kg\/hour IV till Ramsay sedation score (RSS) \u2265 3 achieved followed by maintenance infusion at 0.05 ml\/kg\/hour till end of procedure.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n The primary outcome - time to achieve Ramsay sedation score \u2265 3 was significantly lesser with Ketofol as compared to Dexmedetomidine 260[69] seconds vs 460 [137], (p value<0.05).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n In out-patient setting, ketofol is favourable over dexmedetomidine for sedation regimen for diagnostic TEE as lesser time is taken to achieve optimal sedation with lesser hemodynamic perturbations, post procedure complications and better cardiologist satisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.aca_171_17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T06:37:35Z","timestamp":1716878255000},"page":"143-150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Dexmedetomidine versus Ketofol Sedation for Outpatient Diagnostic Transesophageal Echocardiography: A Randomized Controlled Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Sruthi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Banashree","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoj K","family":"Rohit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goverdhan Datt","family":"Puri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.07.009","article-title":"Guidelines for performing a comprehensive transesophageal echocardiographic examination: Recommendations from the American Society of Echocardiography and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists","volume":"26","author":"Hahn","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"R2-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199011000-00005","article-title":"Frequent hypoxemia and apnea after sedation with midazolam and fentanyl","volume":"73","author":"Bailey","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"R3-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2010.06.006","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial on dexmedetomidine for providing adequate sedation and hemodynamic control for awake, diagnostic transesophageal echocardiography","volume":"25","author":"Cooper","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"R4-20250921","first-page":"15","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine versus ketofol for moderate sedation in Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) comparative study","volume":"31","author":"Hassan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Egypt J Anesth"},{"key":"R5-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2003.09.008","article-title":"Propofol-ketamine mixture for anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac catheterization","volume":"17","author":"Kogan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"R6-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200059020-00012","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine","volume":"59","author":"Bhana","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"R7-20250921","first-page":"544","article-title":"The effect of dexmedetomidine on the balance of myocardial energy requirement and oxygen supply and demand","volume":"82","author":"Lawrence","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R8-20250921","first-page":"259","article-title":"Propofol-ketamine combination has shorterrecovery times with similar hemodynamicscompared to propofol alone in uppergastrointestinal endoscopy in adults. 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