{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T23:29:24Z","timestamp":1790033364087,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pain in the context of cardiothoracic surgery can be attributed to multiple factors. Furthermore, cardiothoracic procedure-related pain can be significant and can lead to multiple morbidities including chronic pain syndromes when left undertreated. Even though opioids remain mainstay of treatment for these procedures, opioid-sparing techniques utilizing a well-developed multimodal regimen can be important in the proper pain management of this patient population. It is imperative for the anesthesiologist to understand the multiple pharmacological and non-pharmacological modalities available, the benefits and adverse effects, and the literature supporting the utility of these methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.aca_215_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T12:00:42Z","timestamp":1752062442000},"page":"228-237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Multimodal Analgesia in Cardiothoracic Procedure: Opioid and Non-opioid Pharmacology for Pain Management: Part 1"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Himani V.","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Management, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhruv","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dillon","family":"Rogando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Abrams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Shariat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Management, New York, NY, 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