{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T09:43:42Z","timestamp":1789724622308,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Infants with hypoplastic left heart are at increased risk of adverse events including mortality when they undergo procedures with general anesthesia in the inter-stage period after stage I Norwood. This is primarily caused by an imbalance between pulmonary and systemic blood flows augmented by decreased function of the single ventricle. These factors can be aggravated by general anesthesia, hence the increased risk. Many of these infants experience feeding dysfunction and require a gastrostomy to optimize nutrition. We report a case of open gastrostomy in an infant with Norwood physiology under spinal anesthesia with an excellent outcome .<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.aca_262_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]],"date-time":"2022-04-11T08:24:24Z","timestamp":1649665464000},"page":"233-235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spinal Anesthesia for Open Gastrostomy in an Infant after Stage I Norwood for Hypoplastic Left Heart"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Acquaviva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doris M.","family":"Hardacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senthil","family":"Packiasabapathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-24-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-011-9907-x","article-title":"Feeding complications in hypoplastic left heart syndrome after the Norwood procedure: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"32","author":"Golbus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"R2-24-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.12610","article-title":"Gastrostomy tube placement among infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome undergoing stage 1 palliation","volume":"13","author":"Prodhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Congenit Heart Dis"},{"key":"R3-24-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.06.015","article-title":"Anesthesia in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease undergoing noncardiac surgery: Defining the risk","volume":"34","author":"Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"R4-24-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13710","article-title":"Spinal anesthesia compared with general anesthesia for neonates with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. A retrospective study","volume":"29","author":"Sanchez-Conde","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Anesth"},{"key":"R5-24-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2002.35377","article-title":"Noncardiac surgery in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Torres","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"R6-24-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12685","article-title":"Patients with single ventricle physiology undergoing noncardiac surgery are at high risk for adverse events","volume":"25","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Anesth"},{"key":"R7-24-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2003.00961.x","article-title":"Spinal anaesthesia in a child with hypoplastic left heart syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Sacrista","year":"2003","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"R8-24-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-012-0197-8","article-title":"Perioperative management of infants undergoing fundoplication and gastrostomy after stage I palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Watkins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"R9-24-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006983","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.117.006983","article-title":"Prognostic value of serial echocardiography in hypoplastic left heart syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Son","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"R10-24-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008006","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.118.008006","article-title":"Prognostic value of serial echocardiography in hypoplastic left heart syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Mercer-Rosa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"}],"container-title":["Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aca.aca_262_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:12:46Z","timestamp":1787166766000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aca.aca_262_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aca.aca_262_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["0971-9784"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0971-9784","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}}}