{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:57:27Z","timestamp":1787169447905,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pathophysiology of an atherosclerotic plaque is mediated by the mechanisms involving thrombus formation and systemic inflammation. While C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are useful in predicting a cardiovascular event in intermediate risk population, the usefulness of routinely measuring fibrinogen in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is debatable. Also, data on the association of these markers with periprocedural outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) is scarce.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study aimed to determine whether the levels of fibrinogen and CRP vary across the different spectra of CAD and whether they have any correlation with cardiac Troponin I levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 284 patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention were included in the study. Complete blood count, serum lipid profile, serum CRP, fibrinogen, and troponin I were measured for all patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with STEMI had significantly higher levels of CRP as compared to those with unstable angina (USA) and chronic stable angina (CSA). Patients presenting with ACS had significantly higher baseline fibrinogen as compared to those with CSA. A significant positive correlation between CRP and admission Troponin I (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.50;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) as well as fibrinogen and admission troponin I (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.30;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) was observed. The CRP levels were significantly higher in 15 patients with periprocedural MI as compared to those who did not develop periprocedural MI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The levels of the markers of inflammation and atherothrombosis vary with presentation across varied spectra of CAD with generally higher levels in acute presentation and in those who develop periprocedural MI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.aca_3_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T13:32:18Z","timestamp":1642771938000},"page":"34-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Exploring the Association of Fibrinogen and CRP with the Clinical Spectrum of CAD and Periprocedural Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Interventions"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Vijay","family":"Khandelwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Kapoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danish","family":"Kazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Archana","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiridhar","family":"Kashyap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roopali","family":"Khanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudeep","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveen","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satyendra","family":"Tewari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankit","family":"Sahu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pravin","family":"Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-5-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901143400207","article-title":"Atherosclerosis-an inflammatory disease","volume":"340","author":"Ross","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R2-5-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01323","article-title":"Inflammation in atherosclerosis","volume":"420","author":"Libby","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R3-5-20240901","first-page":"1799","article-title":"Plasma fibrinogen level and the risk of major cardiovascular diseases and nonvascular mortality: An individual participant meta-analysis","volume":"294","author":"Danesh","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R4-5-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.634089","article-title":"Additive value of immunoassay-measured fibrinogen and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels for predicting incident cardiovascular events","volume":"114","author":"Mora","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R5-5-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704033361401","article-title":"Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men","volume":"336","author":"Ridker","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R6-5-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07591-5","article-title":"Production of C-reactive protein and risk of coronary events in stable and unstable angina: European Concerted Action on Thrombosis and Disabilities Angina Pectoris Study Group","volume":"349","author":"Haverkate","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R7-5-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4204","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.12.4204","article-title":"Prognostic influence of increased fibrinogen and C-reactive protein levels in unstable coronary artery disease","volume":"96","author":"Toss","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R8-5-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03400090067035","article-title":"Fibrinogen and risk of cardiovascular disease. The Framingham study","volume":"258","author":"Kannel","year":"1987","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R9-5-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000052939.59093.45","article-title":"Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: Application to clinical and public health practice: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association","volume":"107","author":"Pearson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R10-5-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000125690.80303.A8","article-title":"Clinical usefulness of very high and very low levels of C-reactive protein across the full range of Framingham risk scores","volume":"109","author":"Ridker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R11-5-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(02)02236-1","article-title":"Relation of markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and leukocyte count) and statin therapy to long-term mortality in patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease","volume":"89","author":"Bickel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"R12-5-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(96)90386-0","article-title":"Prognostic value of plasma fibrinogen concentration in patients with unstable angina and non-Q wave myocardial infarction (TIMI IIIB Trial)","volume":"78","author":"Becker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"R13-5-20240901","first-page":"2","article-title":"Biochemical markers in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease","volume":"19","author":"Hartmann","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"R14-5-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1997.0771","article-title":"Prognostic influence of increased fibrinogen and C-reactive protein levels in unstable coronary artery disease. FRISC Study Group. Fragmin during - Instability in Coronary Artery Disease","volume":"19","author":"Toss","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"R15-5-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1998.1312","article-title":"Inflammatory status as a main determinant of outcome in patients with unstable angina, independent of - coagulation activation and endothelial cell function","volume":"20","author":"Verheggen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"R16-5-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.115899","article-title":"National academy of clinical biochemistry laboratory medicine Practice guidelines: Emerging biomarkers for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease","volume":"55","author":"Myers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"R17-5-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.09.001","article-title":"2010 ACCF\/AHA guideline for assessment of cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic adults: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines","volume":"56","author":"Greenland","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R18-5-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.08.1038","article-title":"Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018)","volume":"72","author":"Kristian","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"R19-5-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.18.1477","article-title":"Association of fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, albumin, or leukocyte count with coronary heartvdisease: Meta-analyses of prospective studies","volume":"279","author":"Danesh","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R20-5-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.10.1082","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) and coronary heart disease: Meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"102","author":"Danesh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R21-5-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.19.2323","article-title":"Fibrin D-dimer and coronary heart disease: Prospective study and meta-analysis","volume":"103","author":"Danesh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R22-5-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2003.11.004","article-title":"Tissue plasminogen activator antigen and coronary heart disease: Prospective study and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Lowe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"R23-5-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.15.1767","article-title":"Plasma concentration of interleukin-6 and the risk of future myocardial infarction among apparently healthy men","volume":"101","author":"Ridker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R24-5-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2001.3237","article-title":"von Willebrand factor and coronary heart disease: Prospective study and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Whincup","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"R26-5-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2481","article-title":"Novel risk factors for systemic atherosclerosis: A comparison of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, homocysteine, lipoprotein(a), and standard cholesterol screening as predictors of peripheral arterial disease","volume":"285","author":"Ridker","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R27-5-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.635029","article-title":"Relative value of inflammatory, hemostatic and rheological factors for incident MI and stroke: The Edinburgh Artery study","volume":"115","author":"Tzoulaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R28-5-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2962","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl362","article-title":"Impact of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen on cardiovascular prognosis in patients with stable angina pectoris: The AtheroGene study","volume":"27","author":"Sinning","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"R29-5-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000079512.66448.1D","article-title":"C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and fibrinogen as predictors of coronary heart disease: The PRIME study","volume":"23","author":"Luc","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"}],"container-title":["Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aca.ACA_3_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:08:04Z","timestamp":1787166484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aca.ACA_3_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aca.aca_3_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["0971-9784"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0971-9784","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}}}