{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:46:50Z","timestamp":1791985610817,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Congenital airway or tracheal stenosis (CTS) during pediatric cardiac surgery (PCS) can modify the perioperative course.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To find the effect of CTS on mortality and morbidity during PCS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Settings and Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>University hospital; Retrospective observational cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Database of PCS patients between January 2019 and April 2025 was analyzed for the incidence of CTS, and perioperative morbidity and mortality. Redo-surgeries were excluded for analyzing CTS incidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistical Analysis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Continuous variables are described as median and interquartile range (IQR) of 25\u201375% and analyzed using the Mann\u2013Whitney U test. A\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value of &lt; 0.05 was considered significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 4222 patients underwent PCS; 66 underwent redo-surgeries , and 9 (0.21%) had CTS. One neonate died during investigation. CTS was diagnosed preoperatively in two, intraoperatively in five, and postoperatively in one. Two patients who underwent PCS-only had a stormy perioperative course and required emergent tracheoplasty. In the PCS-only, 68 patients (1.9%) died; in PCS with CTS, two patients (25%) died (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). Odds ratio for mortality with 95% CI in PCS with CTS was 16.8 (3.3\u201384.6). Median intensive care unit (ICU) stay with IQR in PCS patients was 72 h (44\u2013144 h); whereas, it was 300 h (120\u2013648 h) in PCS with CTS patients (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.002). Median hospital stay with IQR in PCS patients was 10 days (8\u201314 days); whereas, it was 15 days (12\u201347 days) in PCS with CTS patients (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.019).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found a significantly increased mortality of PCS in presence of CTS; it was also associated with increased ICU and hospital stays. PCS with CTS requires concomitant tracheoplasty; PCS alone is unsafe.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.aca_99_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:00:12Z","timestamp":1791824412000},"page":"554-563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retrospective Analysis of the Management of Congenital Tracheal Stenosis in Patients Undergoing Pediatric Cardiac Surgery"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Jessin P.","family":"Jayasankar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brijesh P.","family":"Kottayil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, 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