{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:33:12Z","timestamp":1787758392482,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pain and its alleviation have been a challenge for humans for centuries. Sub arachnoid block is most commonly practiced method for anaesthesia for lower limb surgeries. Adjuvants like opioids and alpha 2 agonists have proven benefits in augmentation of effects of local anaesthetics for spinal anesthesia. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of morphine and dexmedetomidine for sub arachnoid block in lower limb orthopaedic surgeries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a prospective randomised controlled trial done in 120 patients who were posted for lower limb orthopaedic surgery. Along with bupivacaine, Group A received intrathecal dexmedetomidine while group B received intrathecal morphine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      the demographic profile was comparable in both the groups. The mean duration of motor block in Group A was 359.33 \u00b1 34.4 and in Group B was 265.71 \u00b1 28.47. The duration of rescue analgesia was almost double in Group A as compared to Group B with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001 (CL 95%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intrathecal dexmedetomidine and morphine both provided good postoperative analgesia. Dexmedetomidine provided a longer duration of analgesia than morphine, thereby increasing the time for first rescue analgesia, but at the cost of greater side effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aer.aer_116_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T07:10:42Z","timestamp":1668496242000},"page":"373-377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Comparative Study of Intrathecal Hyperbaric Bupivacaine 0.5% with Morphine and Dexmedetomidine in Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgeries"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shadab","family":"Ashfi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azizul","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ladhu","family":"Lakra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-16-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.183387","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of intrathecal morphine and intrathecal dexmedetomidine in patients undergoing gynaecological surgeries under spinal anaesthesia: A prospective randomised double blind study","volume":"60","author":"Kurhekar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"R3-16-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.84841","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine as an intrathecal adjuvant for postoperative analgesia","volume":"55","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"R4-16-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.2165\/11596250-000000000-00000","article-title":"Neuraxial morphine and respiratory depression: Finding the right balance","volume":"71","author":"Sultan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"R5-16-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnw031","article-title":"Combined intrathecal morphine and dexmedetomidine for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing major abdominal cancer surgery","volume":"17","author":"Abdel-Ghaffar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"R6-16-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b16-00145","article-title":"Comparison of intrathecal dexmedetomidine with morphine as adjuvants in cesarean sections","volume":"39","author":"Qi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"key":"R7-16-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpn.ijpn_31_19","article-title":"Comparative study of morphine or dexmedetomidine as intrathecal adjuvants to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in infraumbilical surgeries","volume":"33","author":"Khandelwal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Pain"},{"key":"R8-16-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3182","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06260.x","article-title":"Action of dexmedetomidine on the substantia gelatinosa neurons of the rat spinal cord","volume":"27","author":"Ishii","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"R9-16-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2008.05817.x","article-title":"Risks and side-effects of intrathecal morphine combined with spinal anaesthesia: A meta-analysis","volume":"64","author":"Gehling","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"}],"container-title":["Anesthesia Essays &amp; Researches"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aer.aer_116_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:16:21Z","timestamp":1787757381000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aer.aer_116_22"}},"subtitle":["A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aer.aer_116_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0259-1162"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0259-1162","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}}}