{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T23:44:59Z","timestamp":1789688699725,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Certain anthropometric measurements that are practically obtainable explain the variability in the spread of spinal anesthesia. These are useful for quick assessment of the spread of spinal anesthesia to avoid the risk of high block and also the inadequate level of block.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study aims to evaluate the effect of hip\/shoulder-width ratio (HSR) on the sensory level of spinal anesthesia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Settings and Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective observational study was undertaken at a tertiary care hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistical Analysis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to analyze the relationship between study variables with the level of sensory block.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One hundred patients undergoing various surgical procedures were enrolled for the study. With a patient in a sitting position, hip-width was measured between the two iliac crests, shoulder-width was measured between two acromion processes, and vertebral column length was noted by measuring the distance from C\n                      <jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>\n                      vertebra to sacral hiatus. 3 mL of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine was administered intrathecally at L\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2013L\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      with 25G Quincke's needle in the lateral position. Assessment of block level was done by loss of cold sensation and loss of pinprick sensation every 5 min till 30 min. The numbers of segments blocked were noted from the S\n                      <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                      segment. The relationship between various factors with the level of sensory block was analyzed by the Pearson's correlation coefficient.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      HSR and body mass index (BMI) have a significant correlation with the sensory level of spinal anaesthesia, HSR (r = 0.297,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) and BMI (r =0.385,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HSR can help predict the cephalad spread of spinal anesthesia. We can expect a higher level of sensory blockade of spinal anesthesia in females who generally have an HSR more than one.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aer.aer_146_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T07:05:23Z","timestamp":1656313523000},"page":"80-83","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of Effect of Hip\/Shoulder-Width Ratio on the Sensory Level of Spinal Anesthesia \u2013 A Prospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Archana","family":"Shivashankar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geetha Chamanahalli","family":"Rajappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shruthi","family":"Sudarshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. M.","family":"Madhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ridhi","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-14-20240901","first-page":"9","article-title":"Spinal anesthesia: An evergreen technique","volume":"79","author":"Di Cianni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"R2-14-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9105","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88726-2","article-title":"Sensory block level prediction of spinal anaesthesia with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine: A retrospective study","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R3-14-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.3.381","article-title":"Racial differences in amounts of visceral adipose tissue in young adults: The CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study","volume":"69","author":"Hill","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"R4-14-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.5455\/umj.20180215094944","article-title":"Hip\/shoulder width ratio alters the spread of spinal anesthesia: A prospective observational study","volume":"4","author":"Canturk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ulutas Med J"},{"key":"R5-14-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199606000-00010","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebrospinal fluid volume and the influence of body habitus and abdominal pressure","volume":"84","author":"Hogan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"R6-14-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh204","article-title":"Intrathecal drug spread","volume":"93","author":"Hocking","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"R7-14-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198507000-00012","article-title":"Distribution of local anesthetic solutions within the subarachnoid space","volume":"64","author":"Greene","year":"1985","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R8-14-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.33545\/26643766.2019.v2.i2a.28","article-title":"The relationship of patient characteristics to cephalad spread of spinal anaesthesia after giving 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in infraumbilical surgeries","volume":"2","author":"Shirisha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Med Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"R9-14-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-195601000-00030","article-title":"The spread of drugs used for spinal anesthesia","volume":"17","author":"Kitahara","year":"1956","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"R11-14-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/83.6.943","article-title":"Influence of sex on cerebrospinal fluid density in adults","volume":"83","author":"Schiffer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"R12-14-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.248","article-title":"The relationship of waist circumference and BMI to visceral, subcutaneous, and total body fat: Sex and race differences","volume":"19","author":"Camhi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring"},{"key":"R13-14-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1080\/22201173.2010.10872678","article-title":"Correlation between spinal column length and the spread of subarachnoid hyperbaric bupivacaine in the term parturient","volume":"16","author":"Wan Rahiza","year":"2010","journal-title":"South Afr J Anaesth Anal"},{"key":"R14-14-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-016-0184-3","article-title":"Abdominal girth and vertebral column length can adjust spinal anesthesia for lower limb surgery, a prospective, observational study","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"}],"container-title":["Anesthesia Essays &amp; Researches"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aer.aer_146_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:00:32Z","timestamp":1787756432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aer.aer_146_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aer.aer_146_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0259-1162"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0259-1162","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}}}