{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:27:33Z","timestamp":1787758053815,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Longer duration of analgesia, ceiling effect on respiratory depression, and the antihyperalgesia property make buprenorphine a good adjuvant for managing moderate-to-severe postoperative pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study is to evaluate the onset and duration of postoperative analgesia of three different doses of buprenorphine of 60, 100, and 150 \u03bcg given intrathecally along with hyperbaric bupivacaine in patients undergoing lower limb surgeries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting and Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective observational study was carried out in the anesthesia department of a tertiary care hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 90 patients of either sex, aged 18\u201360 years, scheduled for elective lower limb surgery under subarachnoid block. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups (30 each) receiving different doses of buprenorphine. In addition, all patients received 3 mL of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistical Analysis Used:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used to find out the association between the categorical variables. The association of quantitative variables between the groups was assessed by Kruskal\u2013Wallis test while within the groups was assessed by repeated-measures analysis of variance test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline characteristics such as age, gender, and American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status classification were comparable among the three groups. Sensory block, motor block, and total duration of analgesia were significantly higher with higher doses of buprenorphine. The mean difference in the duration of analgesia was comparable in patients receiving 100 \u03bcg (720 min) and 150 \u03bcg (825 min) of buprenorphine. Bradycardia as a side effect was only in patients receiving 150 \u03bcg of buprenorphine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Risk\u2013benefit of different doses of buprenorphine suggests that 100 \u03bcg may be the ideal dose for a better quality of spinal block and maintaining hemodynamic stability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aer.aer_39_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T06:27:27Z","timestamp":1657088847000},"page":"121-126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of Different Doses of Buprenorphine in Combination with Bupivacaine in the Management of Postoperative Analgesia"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Smitirupa","family":"Borkotoky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisy","family":"Karan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swarna","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prerna","family":"Biswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nupur","family":"Moda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-22-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.32553\/ijmbs.v4i4.1074","article-title":"Comparison of intrathecal buprenorphine versus clonidine as an adjuvant to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in lower abdominal surgeries","volume":"4","author":"Bafna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Med Biomed Stud"},{"key":"R3-22-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v5.i8.307","article-title":"Adjuvants to local anesthetics: Current understanding and future trends","volume":"5","author":"Swain","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"R4-22-20240901","first-page":"65","article-title":"Spinal anesthesia: Comparison of plain ropivacaine, bupivacaine and levobupivacaine for lower abdominal surgery","volume":"59","author":"Mantouvalou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Belg"},{"key":"R5-22-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002254","article-title":"Hyperbaric versus isobaric bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia: Systematic review and meta-analysis for adult patients undergoing noncesarean delivery surgery","volume":"125","author":"Uppal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R6-22-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2010.08.015","article-title":"Buprenorphine in postoperative pain management","volume":"28","author":"Vadivelu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Clin"},{"key":"R7-22-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00209.x","article-title":"Identification of an additional supraspinal component to the analgesic mechanism of action of buprenorphine","volume":"157","author":"Ding","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"R8-22-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.182107","article-title":"Intrathecal buprenorphine versus fentanyl as adjuvant to 0.75% ropivacaine in lower limb surgeries","volume":"32","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"R9-22-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/ael051","article-title":"Buprenorphine induces ceiling in respiratory depression but not in analgesia","volume":"96","author":"Dahan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"R10-22-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.18203\/2349-3259.ijct20170308","article-title":"A prospective randomised double blind study of the comparison of two opioids-fentanyl and buprenorphine \u2013 As adjuvant to spinal bupivacaine in caesarean sections","volume":"4","author":"Sonya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Clin Trials"},{"key":"R11-22-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8009","DOI":"10.14260\/jemds\/2015\/1164","article-title":"Intrathecal buprenorphine, clonidine and fentanyl as adjuvant to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries: A prospective, randomised and comparative study","volume":"4","author":"Pal","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Evol Med Dent Sci"},{"key":"R12-22-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_667_17","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of anaesthetic efficacy and haemodynamic effects of a combination of isobaric bupivacaine with buprenorphine vs. isobaric levobupivacaine with buprenorphine for spinal anaesthesia \u2013 A double blinded randomised clinical trial","volume":"63","author":"Ture","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"R13-22-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1988.tb05482.x","article-title":"Intrathecal buprenorphine for postoperative analgesia in the elderly patient","volume":"43","author":"Capogna","year":"1988","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"R14-22-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4958","DOI":"10.18410\/jebmh\/2017\/989","article-title":"Comparative study between intrathecal bupivacaine 0.5% heavy+fentanyl (0.5 microgram\/kg) versus intrathecal bupivacaine 0.5% heavy+buprenorphine (2 microgram\/kg) in lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries","volume":"4","author":"Bhukya","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Evid Based Med Healthc"},{"key":"R15-22-20240901","first-page":"26","article-title":"Comparative study of intrathecal buprenorphine versus fentanyl as adjuvants to 0.75% isobaric ropivacaine for lower limb surgeries","volume":"8","author":"Bafna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Sci Res"},{"key":"R16-22-20240901","first-page":"99","article-title":"Intrathecal buprenorphine as an adjuvant to 05% bupivacaine in vaginal hysterectomy","volume":"4","author":"Mishra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Arch Integr Med"},{"key":"R17-22-20240901","first-page":"515","article-title":"Post operative analgesia after caesarean section: An experience","volume":"51","author":"Dixit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"R18-22-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.18203\/2349-2902.isj20160237","article-title":"Comparative study of intrathecal bupivacaine 0.5% with bupivacaine 0.5% and buprenorphine low dose for postoperative analgesia in lower abdominal surgeries","volume":"3","author":"Rao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Surg J"},{"key":"R19-22-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.18203\/2349-3933.ijam20163718","article-title":"A comparative study on post-operative pain relief by intrathecal buprenorphine hydrocholoride with control group","volume":"3","author":"Dubey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Adv Med"},{"key":"R20-22-20240901","first-page":"143","article-title":"Benefits of using intrathecal buprenorphine","volume":"5","author":"Rabiee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Caspian J Intern Med"},{"key":"R21-22-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200411000-00021","article-title":"Simultaneous measurement and integrated analysis of analgesia and respiration after an intravenous morphine infusion","volume":"101","author":"Dahan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"}],"container-title":["Anesthesia Essays &amp; Researches"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aer.aer_39_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:03:45Z","timestamp":1787756625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aer.aer_39_22"}},"subtitle":["A Comparative Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aer.aer_39_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0259-1162"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0259-1162","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}}}