{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:58:51Z","timestamp":1791907131736,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Medknow","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anesth Essays Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/aer.aer_70_17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T06:26:39Z","timestamp":1514874399000},"page":"109","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Comparison of magnesium sulfate and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to 0.5% ropivacaine in infraclavicular brachial plexus block"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"MohamedM Abu","family":"Elyazed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MonaM","family":"Mogahed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2581","reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-1","first-page":"436","volume-title":"An evaluation of the infraclavicular block via a modified approach of the raj technique","author":"Borgeat","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chatrath V, Sharan R, Kheterpal R, Kaur G, Ahuja J, Attri JP, et al. Comparative evaluation of 0.75% ropivacaine with clonidine and 0.5% bupivacaine with clonidine in infraclavicular brachial plexus block. Anesth Essays Res 2015;9:189-94.","DOI":"10.4103\/0259-1162.153758"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-3","first-page":"534","volume-title":"Aclinical and pharmacokinetic comparison of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in axillary plexus block","author":"Vainionp\u00e4\u00e4","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-4","first-page":"491","volume-title":"Brachial plexus block: Comparison of two different doses of clonidine added to bupivacaine","author":"Kohli","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0970-9185","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-5","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Brachial plexus block: Effect of the addition of sufentanil to local anesthetic mixture on postoperative analgesia duration","author":"Bazin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Fr Anesth Reanim"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-6","first-page":"302","volume-title":"Effectiveness of addition of neostigmine or dexamethasone to local anaesthetic in providing perioperative analgesia for brachial plexus block: A prospective, randomized, double blinded, controlled study","author":"Yadav","year":"2008","journal-title":"Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-7","first-page":"822","volume-title":"Brachial plexus block with midazolam and bupivacaine improves analgesia","author":"Jarbo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-8","first-page":"4","volume-title":"Magnesium: A versatile drug for anesthesiologists","author":"Do","year":"2013","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-9","first-page":"161","volume-title":"A randomised study of magnesium sulphate as an adjuvant to intrathecal bupivacaine in patients with mild preeclampsia undergoing caesarean section","author":"Malleeswaran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-10","first-page":"245","volume-title":"Dexmedetomidine: An updated review","author":"Gerlach","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-11","first-page":"297","volume-title":"Receptor subtype and dose dependence of dexmedetomidine-induced accumulation of [14C] glutamine in astrocytes suggests glial involvement in its hypnotic-sedative and anesthetic-sparing effects","author":"Huang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-12","first-page":"123","volume-title":"Dexmedetomidine as adjuvant for peripheral nerve blocks","author":"Kettner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-13","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Ultrasound-guided single injection infraclavicular brachial plexus block using bupivacaine alone or combined with dexmedetomidine for pain control in upper limb surgery: A prospective randomized controlled trial","author":"Ammar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Saudi J Anaesth","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1658-354X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-14","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Magnesium added to bupivacaine prolongs the duration of analgesia after interscalene nerve block","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-15","first-page":"S72","volume-title":"Effect of dexmedetomidine as adjuvant in ropivacaine-induced supraclavicular brachial plexus block: A prospective, double-blinded and randomized controlled study","author":"Das","year":"2014","journal-title":"Saudi J Anaesth","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1658-354X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-16","first-page":"123","volume-title":"Evaluation of magnesium as an adjuvant in ropivacaine-induced supraclavicular brachial plexus block: A prospective, double-blinded randomized controlled study","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Res Pharm Pract","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2279-042X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-17","first-page":"e21943","volume-title":"The effect of magnesium sulfate on motor and sensory axillary plexus blockade","author":"Haghighi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-18","first-page":"1119","volume-title":"The effect of magnesium added to levobupivacaine for femoral nerve block on postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing ACL reconstruction","author":"Ekmekci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-19","first-page":"293","volume-title":"The induction and maintenance of central sensitization is dependent on N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor activation; implications for the treatment of post-injury pain hypersensitivity states","author":"Woolf","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-20","first-page":"111","volume-title":"Magnesium enhances local anesthetic nerve block of frog sciatic nerve","author":"Akutagawa","year":"1984","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-21","first-page":"661","volume-title":"Intrathecal magnesium prolongs fentanyl analgesia: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial","author":"Buvanendran","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-22","first-page":"308","volume-title":"Evaluation of the effect of magnesium sulphate vs.clonidine as adjunct to epidural bupivacaine","author":"Ghatak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0019-5049","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-23","first-page":"840","volume-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of magnesium sulphate as an adjuvant to lignocaine for intravenous regional anaesthesia for upper limb surgery","author":"Narang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-24","first-page":"158","volume-title":"The effects of postoperative brachial plexus block using mgSO(4) on the postoperative pain after upper extremity surgery","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J Pain"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-25","first-page":"873","volume-title":"Dexmedetomidine injection into the locus ceruleus produces antinociception","author":"Guo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-26","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Systemically administered alpha2-agonist-induced peripheral vasoconstriction in humans","author":"Talke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-27","first-page":"827","volume-title":"Distribution and function of peripheral alpha-adrenoceptors in the cardiovascular system","author":"Ruffolo","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-28","first-page":"1662","volume-title":"High concentrations of dexmedetomidine inhibit compound action potentials in frog sciatic nerves without alpha(2) adrenoceptor activation","author":"Kosugi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-29","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Hyperpolarizing afterpotentials in C fibers and local anesthetic effects of clonidine and lidocaine","author":"Gaumann","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-30","first-page":"836","volume-title":"Perineural dexmedetomidine added to ropivacaine for sciatic nerve block in rats prolongs the duration of analgesia by blocking the hyperpolarization-activated cation current","author":"Brummett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-31","first-page":"1548","volume-title":"Dexmedetomidine added to levobupivacaine prolongs axillary brachial plexus block","author":"Esmaoglu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-32","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Use of dexmedetomidine along with bupivacaine for brachial plexus block","author":"Gandhi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Natl J Med Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-33","first-page":"283","volume-title":"Comparison of dexmedetomidine and epinephrine as an adjuvant to 1% mepivacaine in brachial plexus block","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-34","first-page":"103","volume-title":"Effects of adding dexmedetomidine to levobupivacaine in axillary brachial plexus block","author":"Kaygusuz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Ther Res Clin Exp"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-35","first-page":"e17620","volume-title":"Effects of dexmedetomidine versus ketorolac as local anesthetic adjuvants on the onset and duration of infraclavicular brachial plexus block","author":"Mirkheshti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-36","first-page":"438","volume-title":"Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to ropivacaine prolongs peripheral nerve block: A volunteer study","author":"Marhofer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.222132-37","first-page":"680","volume-title":"Perineural administration of dexmedetomidine in combination with ropivacaine prolongs axillary brachial plexus block","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"}],"container-title":["Anesthesia: Essays and Researches"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]],"date-time":"2018-03-12T02:45:13Z","timestamp":1520822713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.aeronline.org\/text.asp?2018\/12\/1\/109\/222132"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}},"alternative-id":["222132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aer.aer_70_17","relation":{},"ISSN":["0259-1162"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0259-1162","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}