{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:00:03Z","timestamp":1786737603108,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anesth Essays Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/aer.aer_92_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T15:11:15Z","timestamp":1616425875000},"page":"504","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Bi-spectral index-guided comparison of propofol versus etomidate for induction in electroconvulsive therapy"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kamlesh","family":"Kumari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"Rajpurohit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kriti","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rama","family":"Kishan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Sethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankur","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.311728-1","unstructured":"Scott AI, editor. The ECT Handbook. The Third Report of the Royal College of Psychiatrists' Special Committee on ECT. 2nd ed. London: Royal College of Psychiatrists; 2005."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.311728-2","first-page":"1193","volume-title":"Hemodynamic changes associated with electroconvulsive therapy","author":"Wells","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.311728-3","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Ventricular tachycardia with ECT","author":"Larsen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.311728-4","first-page":"1345","volume-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy and anaesthetic considerations","author":"Gaines","year":"1986","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.311728-5","first-page":"108","volume-title":"Cardiovascular Response and Anesthetic Recovery in Electroconvulsive Therapy with Propofol or Thiopental","author":"Villalonga","year":"1993","journal-title":"Convuls Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.311728-6","first-page":"217","volume-title":"Ketamine anesthesia in electroconvulsive therapy","author":"Rasmussen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Convuls Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.311728-7","first-page":"118","volume-title":"A Comparison Between Etomidate and Methohexital for Anesthesia in ECT","author":"Kovac","year":"1992","journal-title":"Convuls Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.311728-8","unstructured":"Stanski DR, Shafer SL. Measuring depth of anaesthesia. In: Miller RD, editor. Anaesthesia. 6th ed.. Burlington: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005. p. 1227-64."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.311728-9","first-page":"661","volume-title":"Adjustment of anaesthesia depth using bispectral index prolongs seizure duration in electroconvulsive therapy","author":"Nishihara","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.311728-10","first-page":"1249","volume-title":"Preictal bispectral index has a positive correlation with seizure duration during electroconvulsive therapy","author":"Nishihara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.311728-11","first-page":"26","volume-title":"Effectiveness of sodium thiopentone, propofol, and etomidate as an ideal intravenous anesthetic agent for modified electroconvulsive therapy","author":"Mir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Saudi J Anaesth","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1658-354X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.311728-12","first-page":"149","volume-title":"Recovery after ECT: Comparison of propofol, etomidate and thiopental","author":"Rosa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Braz J Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.311728-13","first-page":"62","volume-title":"Etomidate versus propofol for motor seizure duration during modified electroconvulsive therapy","author":"Jindal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesth Essays Res","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0259-1162","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.311728-14","first-page":"20","volume-title":"Antidepressant electroconvulsive therapy: Mechanism of action, recent advances and limitations","author":"Merkl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.311728-15","first-page":"321","volume-title":"EEG manifestations during ECT: Effects of electrode placement and stimulus intensity","author":"Nobler","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.311728-16","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Seizure duration decreases over a course of bifrontal and not bitemporal electroconvulsive therapy","author":"Abhishekh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Psychol Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0253-7176","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.311728-17","first-page":"373","volume-title":"Anaesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy: An overview with an update on its role in potentiating electroconvulsive therapy","author":"Kadiyala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0019-5049","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.311728-18","first-page":"596","volume-title":"The comparative effects of methohexital, propofol, and etomidate for electroconvulsive therapy","author":"Avramov","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.311728-19","first-page":"225","volume-title":"Etomidate versus propofol for electroconvulsive therapy in patients with schizophrenia","author":"Gazdag","year":"2004","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.311728-20","first-page":"1941","volume-title":"The effect of etomidate or propofol on brainstem function during anesthesia induction: A bispectral index-guided study","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.311728-21","first-page":"479","volume-title":"Noninvasive assessment of electroconvulsive-induced changes in cardiac function","author":"Mulgaokar","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.311728-22","first-page":"383","volume-title":"Comparison of anesthetics in electroconvulsive therapy: An effective treatment with the use of propofol, etomidate, and thiopental","author":"Zahavi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.311728-23","first-page":"113","volume-title":"Reducing myoclonus after etomidate","author":"Doenicke","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.311728-24","first-page":"283","volume-title":"Comparison of recovery time and complications during the use of etomidate and thiopental sodium in anesthesia in children for electroconvulsive therapy; A double blind randomized clinical trial","author":"Nazemroaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Anesthesiol Crit Care"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0259-1162.311728-25","first-page":"479","volume-title":"Etomidate: A clinical and electroencephalographic comparison with thiopental","author":"Ghoneim","year":"1977","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"}],"container-title":["Anesthesia: Essays and Researches"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T18:56:38Z","timestamp":1786733798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aer.AER_92_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"alternative-id":["311728"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aer.aer_92_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["0259-1162"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0259-1162","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}