{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T15:14:11Z","timestamp":1790954051342,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Vascular Parkinsonism (VaP) is characterized by symmetric, predominantly lower limb bradykinesia and rigidity and no significant improvement with levodopa. We aimed to describe the clinical and radiological features of patients with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">VaP<\/jats:italic>\n                      and the factors that determine levodopa responsiveness.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This is a retrospective chart review of patients with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">VaP<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The study included 44 patients (36 men) with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">VaP<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The diagnosis was based on Zijlman's criteria. Demographic and clinical details were recorded from the case files. MRI data were available for all the patients. However, the motor severity scores assessed in the OFF and ON states using the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) part III were available for 17 patients only. Based on the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) finds, patients were categorized into isolated periventricular ischemic (PVI) changes, isolated basal ganglia (BG)\/thalamic infarcts, and both combined.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean age at the diagnosis was 65.2 \u00b1 7.4 years. Further, the age at the onset of symptoms was 61.8 \u00b1 8.1 years and the total disease duration was 3.5 \u00b1 2.5 years. Hypertension was the most common risk factor and was observed in 88.6% of patients. Symmetrical lower body parkinsonism was observed in 88.6%. The mean UPDRS part III OFF score was 33.76 \u00b1 12.7 and ON score was 30 \u00b1 13.98. PVI changes were the most common MRI abnormality detected. Patients with isolated BG\/thalamic infarcts had better mini-mental status examination scores and better levodopa responsiveness compared to other groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypertension was the most common risk factor seen in patients with VaP. Those with isolated BG\/thalamus infarcts demonstrated better levodopa responsiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.aian_100_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T05:26:24Z","timestamp":1669008384000},"page":"1075-1079","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Determinants of Levodopa Responsiveness in Patients with Vascular Parkinsonism"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Sheetal","family":"Goyal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitish","family":"Kamble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M A","family":"Mukheem Mudabbir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amitabh","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pramod Kumar","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2217\/14750708.5.2.237","article-title":"Vascular parkinsonism","volume":"5","author":"Jellinger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Therapy"},{"key":"R2-16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2011-130051","article-title":"Vascular parkinsonism: What makes it different?","volume":"87","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"R3-16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.5.965","article-title":"Neurological signs and frontal white matter lesions in vascular parkinsonism. A clinicopathologic study","volume":"28","author":"Yamanouchi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"R4-16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.5114\/amsad.2017.68549","article-title":"Vascular parkinsonism and vascular dementia are associated with an increased risk of vascular events or death","volume":"2","author":"Staszewski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci Atheroscler Dis"},{"key":"R5-16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.AIAN_194_18","article-title":"Vascular parkinsonism: A review on management updates","volume":"22","author":"Udagedara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"key":"R6-16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26263","article-title":"Vascular parkinsonism: Deconstructing a Syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Vizcarra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R7-16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20083","article-title":"Clinicopathological investigation of vascular parkinsonism, including clinical criteria for diagnosis","volume":"19","author":"Zijlmans","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R8-16-20240828","first-page":"281","article-title":"Des foyers lacunaires de d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration et des differents autres \u00e9tats cavitaires du cerveau","volume":"21","author":"Marie","year":"1901","journal-title":"Rev M\u00e9d"},{"key":"R9-16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/52.1.23","article-title":"Arteriosclerotic parkinsonism","volume":"52","author":"Critchley","year":"1929","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"R10-16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.1.98","article-title":"Clinical correlates of vascular parkinsonism","volume":"56","author":"Winikates","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"R11-16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870110505","article-title":"Quantitative gait analysis in patients with vascular parkinsonism","volume":"11","author":"Zijlmans","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R12-16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000113727.73153.68","article-title":"Incidence of Parkinson disease and parkinsonism in three elderly populations of central Spain","volume":"62","author":"Benito-Le\u00f3n","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R13-16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X20130117","article-title":"Vascular parkinsonism: A case series of 17 patients","volume":"71","author":"Vale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"R14-16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2008.02.013","article-title":"Primitive reflexes distinguish vascular parkinsonism from Parkinson's disease","volume":"110","author":"Okuda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"R15-16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-005-0811-2","article-title":"Different clinical and evolutional patterns in late idiopathic and vascular parkinsonism","volume":"252","author":"Rampello","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"R16-16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.018309","article-title":"The L-dopa response in vascular parkinsonism","volume":"75","author":"Zijlmans","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R17-16-20240828","first-page":"2","article-title":"Parkinsonism consecutive to an hemorrhagic lesion of the substantia nigra","volume":"12","author":"Leduc","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R18-16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00481","article-title":"Therapeutic Interventions for Vascular Parkinsonism: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Miguel-Puga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurol"}],"container-title":["Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aian.aian_100_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:15:51Z","timestamp":1787757351000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aian.aian_100_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aian.aian_100_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0972-2327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0972-2327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}}}