{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:18:52Z","timestamp":1787840332241,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background and Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is common but often underdiagnosed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis, significantly impacting their quality of life. This study investigates the prevalence, risk factors, and psychosocial effects of RLS in this population.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n A cross-sectional study was conducted among 308 hemodialysis patients at a tertiary care hospital. RLS was diagnosed based on the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group criteria. The severity of RLS, sleep quality, and mental health were assessed using the International Restless Legs Syndrome (IRLS) Severity Score, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Clinical and biochemical parameters were also analyzed. Statistical significance was determined using Chi-squared and unpaired\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -tests (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n RLS was identified in 46 patients (14.9%). Among them, 56.6% had mild symptoms, 41.3% had moderate symptoms, and 2.1% had severe symptoms. Patients with RLS were younger (50.15 \u00b1 12.19 vs. 57.41 \u00b1 13.43 years,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001) and had lower body weight (57.89 \u00b1 9.64 vs. 62.78 \u00b1 10.58 kg,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.03). Anxiety and depression were significantly higher in the RLS group (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001). Poor sleep quality was reported in 97.8% of RLS patients (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001). Hemoglobin (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.02) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.03) levels also differed significantly between groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n RLS is highly prevalent in ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis and is associated with significant psychosocial burden and poor sleep quality.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.aian_1038_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T07:00:42Z","timestamp":1749106842000},"page":"387-391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Psychosocial Impact of Restless Legs Syndrome in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis \u2013 A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Alamanda Venkata","family":"Anupama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anish","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahendra","family":"Javali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahesh","family":"Eswarappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Rangaiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Purushottam","family":"Acharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250614","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(03)00010-8","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome:Diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology. A report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the National Institutes of Health","volume":"4","author":"Allen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"R2-20250614","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000163996.64461.A3","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome:A community-based study of prevalence, severity, and risk factors","volume":"64","author":"H\u00f6gl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R3-20250614","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23430","article-title":"Prevalence and disease burden of primary restless legs syndrome:Results of a general population survey in the United States","volume":"26","author":"Allen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R4-20250614","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-012-0953-9","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome in dialysis patients:A comparison between hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis","volume":"33","author":"Merlino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"R5-20250614","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.18024","article-title":"An overview of levodopa in the management of restless legs syndrome in a dialysis population:Pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, and complications of therapy","volume":"33","author":"Janzen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"R6-20250614","first-page":"922","article-title":"A comparison of sleep disturbances and sleep apnea in patients on hemodialysis and chronic peritoneal dialysis","volume":"22","author":"Al-Jahdali","year":"2011","journal-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transplant"},{"key":"R7-20250614","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-019-1265-y","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome in end stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis","volume":"19","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"R8-20250614","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.4103\/AOMD.AOMD_1_18","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome in patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis:Does peripheral iron status matter?","volume":"1","author":"Ramachandran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Mov Disord"},{"key":"R9-20250614","first-page":"37","article-title":"A study on restless legs syndrome in patients with chronic kidney disease in a tertiary care hospital","volume":"121","author":"Das","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Indian Med Assoc"},{"key":"R10-20250614","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2013.05.022","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome in hemodialysis patients:An epidemiologic survey in Greece","volume":"14","author":"Stefanidis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep 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Mon"},{"key":"R14-20250614","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1993.tb00747.x","article-title":"Alcohol use and periodic limb movements of sleep","volume":"17","author":"Aldrich","year":"1993","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"}],"container-title":["Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aian.aian_1038_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:20:30Z","timestamp":1787836830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aian.aian_1038_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aian.aian_1038_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0972-2327","1998-3549"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0972-2327","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3549","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-05","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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