{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T02:41:30Z","timestamp":1793155290582,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Ocular nerve palsies are among the most common cranial neuropathies in neurological practice. Nerves can get affected anywhere along their path from the brainstem to the orbit. There can be isolated involvement of multiple cranial nerves together. The etiologies differ according to the type of presentation. The steps toward the diagnosis need to be strategically planned and must be based on clinical localization. It is crucial to make proper localization to plan further investigations and thus treatment of the etiology. This review covers the approach toward the diagnosis, etiologies involved, and management of ocular cranial neuropathies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.aian_167_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T07:34:04Z","timestamp":1654673644000},"page":"S70-S82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Oculomotor Cranial Neuropathies"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Ritu","family":"Shree","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karthik Vinay","family":"Mahesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neeraj","family":"Balaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abeer","family":"Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/00002142-199604000-00004","article-title":"Cranial nerves III, IV, and VI","volume":"8","author":"Laine","year":"1996","journal-title":"Top Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"R3-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(05)51004-5","article-title":"The extraocular motor nuclei: Organization and functional neuroanatomy","volume":"151","author":"B\u00fcttner-Ennever","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"R5-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-199602000-00005","article-title":"The ocular motor nerves","volume":"9","author":"Miller","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"R6-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22811","article-title":"Microsurgical anatomy of the oculomotor nerve","volume":"30","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"R7-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.61.2.236-b","article-title":"Walsh and Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology. 4th Edition, Volume 5","volume":"61","author":"Sanders","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R8-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22602","article-title":"Microsurgical anatomy of the trochlear nerve","volume":"28","author":"Joo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"R9-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22047","article-title":"Microsurgical anatomy of the abducens nerve","volume":"25","author":"Joo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"R10-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s003470070090","article-title":"[Classical brain stem syndrome. 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