{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T06:00:06Z","timestamp":1791525606638,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Optic neuritis (ON), as an umbrella term, refers to a spectrum of inflammatory optic neuropathies arising from a myriad of potential causes. In its most common form, \u201ctypical\u201d ON presents as a unilateral, painful subacute vision loss event in young Caucasian women. The Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT) has historically guided our treatment of ON, and taught us important lessons about the clinical presentation, visual prognosis, and future risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis associated with this condition. However, in the decades since the ONTT, several immune-mediated conditions such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG associated disease (MOGAD) have been discovered, complicating the clinical approach to ON. Unlike MS, other central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory conditions are associated with ON subtypes that are potentially blinding, and prone to recurrence. Owing to differences in the clinical presentation, serological biomarkers, radiological findings, and prognostic implications associated with MS ON, NMOSD ON, and MOGAD ON subtypes, it is imperative that clinicians be aware of the diagnostic approach and management options for these conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.aian_170_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T06:38:20Z","timestamp":1655793500000},"page":"S48-S53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Practical Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Optic Neuritis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Etienne","family":"Benard-Seguin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Costello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-2-20240828","first-page":"816","article-title":"Inflammatory optic neuropathies","volume":"20","author":"Costello","year":"2014","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn"},{"key":"R2-2-20240828","first-page":"1236","article-title":"Optic Neuritis","volume":"25","author":"Bennett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn"},{"key":"R4-2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199202273260901","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute optic neuritis","volume":"326","author":"Beck","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R5-2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1335-x","article-title":"Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (CRION): A manifestation of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"R7-2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e204339","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.4339","article-title":"Association of individual-level factors with visual outcomes in optic neuritis: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"3","author":"de Lott","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"R8-2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.6757","article-title":"Prevalence of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and aquaporin-4-IgG in patients in the optic neuritis treatment trial","volume":"136","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-2-20240828","first-page":"1033","article-title":"Myelite aigue compliquee de nevrite optique","volume":"8","author":"Devic","year":"1894","journal-title":"Bull Med (Paris"},{"key":"R10-2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050304","article-title":"IgG marker of optic-spinal multiple sclerosis binds to the aquaporin-4 water channel","volume":"202","author":"Lennon","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R11-2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.04.042","article-title":"Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of optic neuritis in Japan","volume":"126","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R12-2-20240828","first-page":"815","article-title":"Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and other non-multiple sclerosis central nervous system inflammatory diseases","volume":"25","author":"Flanagan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn"},{"key":"R14-2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0214-9","article-title":"Neuromyelitis optica","volume":"6","author":"Jarius","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Disease Primers"},{"key":"R15-2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001729","article-title":"International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"85","author":"Wingerchuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R16-2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022328","article-title":"Antimyelin antibodies as a predictor of clinically definite multiple sclerosis after a first demyelinating event","volume":"349","author":"Berger","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R17-2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0720-6","article-title":"MOG-IgG in NMO and related disorders: A multicenter study of 50 patients. 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