{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:03:00Z","timestamp":1787169780963,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Depression and Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) are frequent interacting diseases in the elderly with a negative impact on the quality of life of patients and caregivers. Late-life depression may be regarded either as an early symptom of AD or a risk factor for AD, depending on the context. This review was focused on the latest developments in the fields of the neurobiological basis and treatment of depression in AD. We found that some plausible hypotheses are emerging to correlate with depression in AD, such as neuroinflammation and dysimmune regulation. It seems that depression is not related to amyloid deposition, but this issue is not completely resolved. The response to antidepressants is controversial according to the evidence from 10 small double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials with antidepressants in AD patients with depression: four with sertraline, one with three arms (sertraline, mirtazapine, placebo), one with fluoxetine, one with imipramine, one with clomipramine, one with escitalopram, and one with vortioxetine. The total number of treated patients completing the trials was 638. The main criterion of a positive response was a reduction in the scores of clinical scales for depression of at least 50%. The weighted OR (odds ratio) was calculated with the method of Mantel-Haenszel: 1.29; 95% CI: 0.77\u20132.16. No significant differences were found compared with placebo. Antidepressants did not have a meaningful negative influence on cognition, which was measured with the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) in 18 clinical trials. Alternatives other than drugs are also discussed. Although there have been important advances in this field, pathophysiology and treatment deserve further research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.aian_326_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T13:00:09Z","timestamp":1694437209000},"page":"315-325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Interface between Depression and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. A Comprehensive Approach"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Pedro J.","family":"Modrego","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Neurologia, Hospital Miguel Servet de Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leyre D. de","family":"Cerio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Neurologia, Hospital Miguel Servet de Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240828","first-page":"126","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in a community population of older persons","volume":"75","author":"Wilson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830020093011","article-title":"Depressed mood and the incidence of Alzheimer's disease in elderly living in the community","volume":"53","author":"Devanand","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.3.364","article-title":"Depressive symptoms, cognitive decline, and risk of AD in older persons","volume":"59","author":"Wilson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51352.x","article-title":"Exploring sex differences in the relationship between depressive symptoms and dementia incidence:Prospective results from the PAQUID Study","volume":"51","author":"Fuhrer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"R5-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181c53487","article-title":"Depressive symptoms predict incident cognitive impairment in cognitive healthy older women","volume":"18","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.5.753","article-title":"Depression as a risk factor for Alzheimer disease:The MIRAGE study","volume":"60","author":"Green","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"R7-20240828","first-page":"151","article-title":"Late-life depression as a possible predictor of dementia:Cross-sectional and short term follow-up results","volume":"7","author":"van Reekum","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2013.02.011","article-title":"Depression and incident Alzheimer Disease:The impact of disease severity","volume":"23","author":"Grac\u00eda-Garc\u00eda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf074","article-title":"Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease:A prospective analysis from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging","volume":"156","author":"Lindsay","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R10-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38216.604664.DE","article-title":"Temporal relation between depression and cognitive impairment in old age:Prospective population based study","volume":"329","author":"Vinkers","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21509","article-title":"Prodromal Alzheimer's disease:Sucessive emergence of the clinical symptoms","volume":"64","author":"Amieva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R12-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.2.153","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in late-life. 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