{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:05:49Z","timestamp":1787169949394,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction\/Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies conducted during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have reported varied data regarding the incidence of Guillain\u2013Barre syndrome (GBS). The present study investigated demographic and clinical features, management, and outcomes of patients with GBS during a specified period of the COVID-19 pandemic, and compared these features to those of GBS in the previous year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multicenter, ambispective cohort study including 26 centers across India was conducted. Data from a pre-COVID-19 period (March 1 to August 31, 2019) were collected retrospectively and collected ambispectively for a specified COVID-19 period (March 1 to August 31, 2020). The study was registered with the Clinical Trial Registry India (CTRI\/2020\/11\/029143).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data from 555 patients were included for analysis: pre-COVID-19 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 334) and COVID-19 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 221). Males were more commonly affected during both periods (male:female, 2:1). Gastroenteritis was the most frequent antecedent event in 2019 (17.4%), whereas fever was the most common event in 2020 (10.7%). Paraparesis (21.3% versus [vs.] 9.3%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001) and sensory involvement (51.1% vs. 41.3%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.023) were more common during COVID-19 in 2020, whereas back pain (26.3% vs. 18.4%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.032) and bowel symptoms (20.7% vs. 13.7%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.024) were more frequent in the pre-COVID period. There was no difference in clinical outcomes between the two groups in terms of GBS disability score at discharge and 3 months after discharge. Independent predictors of disability in the pre-COVID period included areflexia\/hyporeflexia, the requirementfor intubation, and time to bulbar weakness; in the COVID-19 period, independent predictors included time from onset to admission, intubation, and intubation requirement. The mortality rate was 2.3% during the entire study period (13\/555 cases).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results of this study revealed an overall reduction in the frequency of GBS during the pandemic. The lockdown likely reduced the risk for antecedent infections due to social distancing and improved hygiene, which may have resulted in the reduction of the frequency of GBS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.aian_523_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T05:15:13Z","timestamp":1692594913000},"page":"1116-1121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of COVID-19 on Guillain-Barre Syndrome in India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yareeda","family":"Sireesha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritu","family":"Shree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhu","family":"Nagappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuja","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Singla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MV","family":"Padma Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RK","family":"Dhamija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neetha","family":"Balaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dileep","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujit","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inder","family":"Puri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudhir","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samhita","family":"Panda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soaham","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Samal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Choudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamidimukkala","family":"Vijaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. S.","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. P.","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. K.","family":"Bhoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Sebastian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aneesh","family":"Basheer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Bhartiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N L","family":"Mathukumalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaikh Afshan","family":"Jabeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Lal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Modi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen P","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subash","family":"Kaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gagandeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayush","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Divyani","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Jose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Dev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Iype","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Gopalakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Upadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awadh K.","family":"Pandit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Salunkhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.M.","family":"Yogeesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alisha","family":"Reyaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nishant","family":"Nadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menkha","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bismay","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PK","family":"Kushwaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harshadkumar","family":"Chovatiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhavani","family":"Madduluri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Ramesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abeer","family":"Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venugopalan Y","family":"Vishnu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-23-20240828","first-page":"1067","article-title":"Facing acute neuromuscular diseases during COVID-19 pandemic: Focus on Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"120","author":"Galassi","year":"2020","journal-title":"ActaNeurolBelg"},{"key":"R2-23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30232-5","article-title":"Neurological disease in adults with Zika and Chikungunya virus infection in Northeast Brazil: A prospective observational study","volume":"19","author":"Brito Ferreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"R3-23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa433","article-title":"Epidemiological and cohort study finds no association between COVID-19 and Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"144","author":"Keddie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"R4-23-20240828","first-page":"235","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome decreases in Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"26","author":"Umapathi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J PeripherNervSyst"},{"key":"R7-23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.4103\/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_382_20","article-title":"Impact of COVID 19 lockdown on emergency admissions at a large Zonalhospital","volume":"13","author":"Bewal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med J DY PatilVidyapeeth"},{"key":"R9-23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410270707","article-title":"Assessment of current diagnostic criteria for Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Asbury","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R10-23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000096166.28131.4C","article-title":"Subacute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy","volume":"61","author":"Oh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R11-23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.19.5.604","article-title":"Interobserver agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients","volume":"19","author":"vanSwieten","year":"1988","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"R12-23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)92644-2","article-title":"Controlled trial prednisolone in acute polyneuropathy","volume":"2","author":"Hughes","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R13-23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440512","article-title":"Electrophysiological classification of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: Clinical associations and outcome. Plasma Exchange\/SandoglobulinGuillain-Barr\u00e9syndrome trial group","volume":"44","author":"Hadden","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R14-23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6173","article-title":"Seasonal influenza activity during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Japan","volume":"323","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R15-23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.05.036","article-title":"Different patterns of influenza A and B detected during early stages of COVID-19 in a university hospital in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"81","author":"de Souza Luna","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"R16-23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.06.014","article-title":"The COVID-19 pandemic and tuberculosis in Taiwan","volume":"81","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"R17-23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.07.004","article-title":"The COVID-19 pandemic and the true incidence of tuberculosis in Japan","volume":"81","author":"Komiya","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"R18-23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1111.050729","article-title":"Respiratory infections during SARS outbreak, Hong Kong, 2003","volume":"11","author":"Lo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"R19-23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-324837","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome and COVID-19: An observational multicentre study from two Italian hotspot regions","volume":"92","author":"Filosto","year":"2021","journal-title":"J NeurolNeurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R20-23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s42466-020-00097-7","article-title":"\u201cNeurological manifestations of COVID-19\u201d-guideline of the German society of neurology","volume":"2","author":"Berlit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Res Pract"},{"key":"R21-23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-324491","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome in SARS-CoV-2 infection: An instant systematic review of the first six months of pandemic","volume":"91","author":"Uncini","year":"2020","journal-title":"J NeurolNeurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R22-23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27024","article-title":"COVID-19-associated Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: The early pandemic experience","volume":"62","author":"Caress","year":"2020","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"R23-23-20240828","first-page":"CD001446","article-title":"Corticosteroids for Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Hughes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R24-23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2866","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy232","article-title":"Regional variation of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"141","author":"Doets","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"R25-23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm004","article-title":"Immunotherapy for Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: A systematic review","volume":"130","author":"Hughes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"}],"container-title":["Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aian.aian_523_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:15:25Z","timestamp":1787166925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aian.aian_523_22"}},"subtitle":["A Multicenter Ambispective Cohort Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aian.aian_523_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0972-2327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0972-2327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}}}