{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:01:11Z","timestamp":1787169671780,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional area (CSA) is the most important parameter to study peripheral nerves by high-resolution ultrasonography. The aim was to acquire normative data of CSA of the main upper and lower limb nerves in the Indian population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CSA of nerves was determined in 100 healthy volunteers at 11 predetermined sites: median and ulnar at the wrist, mid-forearm, elbow; radial (spiral groove); tibial (popliteal fossa, medial malleolus); common peroneal (CPN, fibular head) and sural (lateral malleolus).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age of participants was 40.7 \u00b1 13.0 years (range: 18-79). Fifty were &lt; 40 years of age. The mean height, weight and BMI were 161.5 \u00b1 8.3 centimeters (range: 145\u2014179), 58.6 \u00b1 10.1 kilograms (range: 32-90) and 22.4 \u00b1 3.2 kilogram\/square meter (range: 14.03-30.44), respectively. The median and ulnar nerve measurements were non-uniform throughout its course, and the CSA was largest at the elbow and ulnar groove, respectively. With advancing age, there was a significant difference for median and ulnar nerves at the wrist (median\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002, ulnar\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.009) and tibial nerve (popliteal fossa,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.045, medial malleolus,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005), CPN (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.047). Men had greater CSA of upper limb nerves and tibial nerves at popliteal fossa (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) as compared to women. A positive correlation was noted with weight.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is apt for every defined population to have its own set of normative data of CSA as it varies with ethnicity, age, and the built of individuals. We provide a valuable set of CSA data for nerves in the Indian population, which can be used for comparison while investigating peripheral nerve disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.aian_727_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T04:22:43Z","timestamp":1648786963000},"page":"449-456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Cross-Sectional Area Reference Values of Nerves in the Upper and Lower Extremities using Ultrasonography in the Indian Population"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"DM","family":"Sindhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akshata","family":"Huddar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jitender","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seena","family":"Vengalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saraswati","family":"Nashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mainak","family":"Bardhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gopikrishnan","family":"Unnikrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul 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