{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:00:20Z","timestamp":1787169620411,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Lyme disease is zoonotic infection transmitted by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      and, if left undiagnosed, can present in later stages with neurological manifestations. This review aims to consolidate evidence on stroke-like or similar cerebrovascular outcomes of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) to aid early recognition and treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive search resulted in 90 patients meeting European Federation of Neurological Societies\/Infectious Diseases Society of America\/ American Academy of Neurology\/American College of Rheumatology (EFNS\/IDSA\/AAN\/ACR) criteria for LNB with radiologically or serologically confirmed cerebrovascular involvement. Data were charted descriptively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Median age was 12 years among children and 52 years in adult cases. Tick exposure was reported in 89% of cases. Presentations included hemiparesis (51%), cranial-nerve palsy (38%; Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) facial 31%), and cognitive changes (26%). Common imaging findings were vasculitis (72%) and ischaemic stroke (51%), mainly in the cortical (56%) area. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytic pleocytosis (median 73 cells\/\u00b5L) with presence of intrathecal Borrelia Immunoglobulin G (IgG) appeared in the majority of cases. Antibiotics (mainly ceftriaxone) were used in 85% of cases and interventional management in 13% of cases. Ninety percent of cases improved after 6 months of treatment. Mortality and persistent tetraplegia were reported in 5% and 3% of cases, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LNB should be suspected in cases of cryptogenic stroke from endemic areas. Reduction in CSF pleocytosis with intrathecal Borrelia antibodies could predict a favorable antibiotic response, although some refractory cases were observed to improve only with interventional management. Prompt diagnosis and management can affect morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.aian_789_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T12:00:49Z","timestamp":1771329649000},"page":"1-9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring Cerebrovascular Manifestations of Neuroborreliosis: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Annie S","family":"Daniel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Centre, Hospital for Special Care, New Britain, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shwetha","family":"Shenod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 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