{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T23:13:06Z","timestamp":1787785986753,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Functional movement disorders (FMDs) and functional seizure (FS) are the two most important subcategories of functional neurologic disorders (FNDs).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to discern similarities and differences between patients with FMD and FS.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A prospective comparative study of 94 patients with FNDs (FMD = 47, FS = 47) was conducted.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Tremor and pauci-kinetic attack with preserved responsiveness were the most common subtypes observed in patients with FMD and FS, respectively. A significantly higher number of patients with FMD had more than one precipitating factor (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.03). Headache was significantly more common in patients with FS (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.03). More patients came for follow-up in the FMD group (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.01). More patients in the FS group reported \u201cvery much improvement\u201d (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.04), and \u201cno change\u201d was more commonly reported by the FMD group patients (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.009).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Emotional stress was the most common precipitating factor in patients with FMD and FS. The prognosis was better in patients with FS.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.aian_893_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T09:00:07Z","timestamp":1714122007000},"page":"172-177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Similarities and Differences in Functional Movement Disorders and Functional Seizures at a Tertiary Care Center: A Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Anumeha","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Govind Ballabh Pant Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Amrita Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00422-1","article-title":"Functional neurological disorder: New subtypes and shared mechanisms","volume":"21","author":"Hallett","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"R2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1097\/NRL.0000000000000453","article-title":"Functional neurological disorders: Clinical spectrum, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"27","author":"Mishra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"key":"R3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2021-328462","article-title":"Functional movement disorder gender, age and phenotype study: A systematic review and individual patient meta-analysis of 4905 cases","volume":"93","author":"Lidstone","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.46.6.540","article-title":"Somatoform disorders among first-time referrals to a neurology service","volume":"46","author":"Fink","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"R5-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000573","article-title":"Should neurologists diagnose and manage functional neurologic disorders? It is complicated","volume":"9","author":"Perez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"key":"R6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000235","article-title":"Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures and movement disorders: A comparative review","volume":"6","author":"Erro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"key":"R7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2021.100510","article-title":"Functional movement disorder and functional seizures: What have we learned from different subtypes of functional neurological disorders?","volume":"18","author":"Kola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav Rep"},{"key":"R8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.170190","article-title":"A review of functional neurological symptom disorder etiology and the integrated etiological summary model","volume":"44","author":"Fobian","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"R9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-319201","article-title":"Emotional processing in functional neurological disorder: A review, biopsychosocial model and research agenda","volume":"90","author":"Pick","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R10-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2009.10.016","article-title":"Anxiety and depression in psychogenic movement disorder and non-epileptic seizures: A prospective comparative study","volume":"166","author":"Grimaldi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Revue Neurologique"},{"key":"R11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2011.01.008","article-title":"Comparison of psychogenic movement disorders and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: Is phenotype clinically important","volume":"52","author":"Driver-Dunckley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"R12-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2012.10.007","article-title":"Psychogenic seizures and psychogenic movement disorders: Are they the same patients?","volume":"25","author":"Hopp","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"R13-20240828","first-page":"431","article-title":"Psychogenic dystonia","volume":"50","author":"Fahn","year":"1988","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"R14-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12356","article-title":"Minimum requirements for the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: A staged approach: A report from the International League Against Epilepsy Nonepileptic Seizures Task Force","volume":"54","author":"LaFrance","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"R15-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.235424","article-title":"Clinical classification of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures based on video-EEG analysis and automatic clustering","volume":"82","author":"Hubsch","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.02.007","article-title":"Patients\u2019 impression of change following treatment for chronic pain: Global, specific, a single dimension, or many?","volume":"16","author":"Scott","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"R17-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12516","article-title":"Psychogenic movement disorders in adults and children: A clinical and video profile of 58 Indian patients","volume":"4","author":"Pandey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"R18-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23830","article-title":"Psychopathology and psychogenic movement disorders","volume":"26","author":"Kranick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov Disord"}],"container-title":["Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aian.aian_893_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:34:59Z","timestamp":1787769299000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aian.aian_893_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aian.aian_893_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0972-2327","1998-3549"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0972-2327","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3549","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-10","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-27","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}