{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T13:43:08Z","timestamp":1792417388230,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is a critical and potentially life-threatening complication of pediatric encephalitis. Early detection is essential for improved outcomes. This study assessed the diagnostic utility of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) ultrasound for identifying elevated ICP in children with encephalitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective descriptive case series was conducted at the Infectious Disease Intensive Care Unit (ID-ICU), Children\u2019s Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City, from August 2023 to April 2025. Children with encephalitis underwent daily ONSD ultrasound during the first seven days of admission. Elevated ICP was defined based on clinical signs and neuroimaging findings. ONSD measurements were compared between patients with and without elevated ICP, and age-specific diagnostic cut-off values were determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-six patients were enrolled, with elevated ICP confirmed in 72.2% of cases. ONSD values were higher in patients with raised ICP than in those without at all time points. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis identified optimal ONSD thresholds for detecting elevated ICP of 5.2 mm in children younger than 60 months, 5.9 mm in those aged 60 months or older, and 5.6 mm in the overall cohort. Serial measurements showed a decline in ONSD over time. No significant difference was observed between right and left eye measurements, with strong inter-eye correlation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultrasound measurement of ONSD is a useful, noninvasive, repeatable bedside tool for early identification of elevated ICP in pediatric encephalitis. Incorporating age-specific ROC-derived ONSD thresholds may improve diagnostic accuracy and support bedside assessment in pediatric intensive care settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.aian_95_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T09:00:10Z","timestamp":1792054810000},"page":"736-742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultrasound Measurement of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter for Detection of Elevated Intracranial Pressure in Pediatric Encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Huynh Ngoc Le","family":"Duy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Intensive Care Unit, Children\u2019s Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tran Diep","family":"Tuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tran Thanh","family":"Thuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Thi Mai","family":"Anh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phung Nguyen The","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20261019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2016-0226","article-title":"Pediatric intracranial hypertension","volume":"39","author":"Aylward","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"R2-20261019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04427-4","article-title":"The intracranial compartmental syndrome: A proposed model for acute brain injury monitoring and management","volume":"27","author":"Godoy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"R3-20261019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-020-00201-8","article-title":"Review: Pathophysiology of intracranial hypertension and noninvasive intracranial pressure monitoring","volume":"17","author":"Canac","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"R4-20261019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e989","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00174-7","article-title":"Childhood encephalitis in the Greater Mekong region (the SouthEast Asia Encephalitis Project): A multicentre prospective study","volume":"10","author":"Pommier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"R6-20261019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2020.04.006","article-title":"Point-of-care ultrasound of optic nerve sheath diameter to detect intracranial pressure in neurocritically ill children - 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