{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:33:14Z","timestamp":1786739594600,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Penile fracture (PF) is a surgical emergency. Given its rarity, we queried a national cohort over an 11-year period to study the temporal and demographic variations in presentation, evaluation, and management of patients with PF compared with a cohort of control patients. The National Inpatient Sample was queried between the years 2005 and 2016 for patients with a diagnosis of PF. Appendectomy patients were selected as a control cohort, given the non-discriminatory nature of this disease. Clinical and demographic data of the patients were compared with that of controls. Presenting symptoms, rates of surgical repair, and rates of associated surgical procedures were evaluated in the PF cohort. During the study period, 5802 patients were hospitalized for PF. The annual incidence of PF remained unchanged at 1.0\u20131.8 cases per 100 000 hospitalizations over the study period. Compared with the control cohort, PF patients were more likely to be younger (38.7 years\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      41.2 years,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.001), have lower rates of comorbidities except erectile dysfunction (1.4%\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.1%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.001), and were more likely of Black race (25.4%\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      6.2%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.001). Notably, PF patients had significantly higher rates of substance abuse (26.4%\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      18.1%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.001), despite no difference in the diagnosed psychiatric disorders. PF rarely presented with hematuria (3.5%); however, urethral evaluation was performed in 23.1%, most commonly with cystoscopy (19.2%). PF occurs more commonly in a younger, healthier male population, and among minorities. Importantly, rates of substance abuse appear to be higher in the PF cohort compared with those of controls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/aja.aja_70_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T08:43:25Z","timestamp":1606380205000},"page":"236-239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Risk factors for penile fracture compared with a surgical control cohort in the United States"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Nathaniel","family":"Christian-Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew T","family":"Lenis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine E","family":"Fero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Madrigral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sriram V","family":"Eleswarapu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Chamie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peyman","family":"Benharash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S72","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.5932","article-title":"Management of penile fracture","volume":"13","author":"Ory","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J"},{"key":"R2-3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.004","article-title":"Urotrauma: AUA guideline","volume":"192","author":"Morey","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R3-3-20240829","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines on urological trauma","volume":"47","author":"Djakovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Update"},{"key":"R4-3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14167","article-title":"British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) consensus document for the management of male genital emergencies - penile fracture","volume":"122","author":"Rees","year":"2018","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"R5-3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000000211","article-title":"The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of penile fracture in real-life emergency settings: comparative analysis with intraoperative findings","volume":"202","author":"Sokolakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R6-3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2017.03.38","article-title":"Penile fracture: role of ultrasound","volume":"6","author":"Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"key":"R7-3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.4032","article-title":"Can it wait? A systematic review of immediate vs.delayed surgical repair of penile fractures","volume":"11","author":"Wong","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Can Urol Assoc"},{"key":"R8-3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.02.012","article-title":"Delaying surgical treatment of penile fracture results in poor functional outcomes: results from a large retrospective multicenter European study","volume":"4","author":"Bozzini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"key":"R9-3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/ijir.2017.31","article-title":"Effects of penile fracture and its surgical treatment on psychosocial and sexual function","volume":"29","author":"Bolat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"key":"R10-3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2016.12.03","article-title":"Penile fracture epidemiology, diagnosis and management in Iran: a narrative review","volume":"6","author":"Mirzazadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"key":"R11-3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.4103\/aja.aja_36_17","article-title":"Management and outcomes of penile fracture: a retrospective analysis of 62 cases with long-term assessment","volume":"20","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"R12-3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2018.12.009","article-title":"Epidemiology of penile fractures in United States emergency departments: access to care disparities may lead to suboptimal outcomes","volume":"16","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"R13-3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2015.03.039","article-title":"National patterns of urethral evaluation and risk factors for urethral injury in patients with penile fracture","volume":"86","author":"Pariser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"R14-3-20240829","first-page":"467683","article-title":"Surgical intervention for penile methamphetamine injections","volume":"2015","author":"Gaither","year":"2015","journal-title":"Case Rep Urol"},{"key":"R15-3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3414","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2011.02461.x","article-title":"Penile fracture seems more likely during sex under stressful situations","volume":"8","author":"Kramer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"R16-3-20240829","first-page":"121","article-title":"Fracture of the penis: management and long-term results of surgical treatment.Experience in 300 cases","volume":"64","author":"El Atat","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R17-3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eucr.2017.02.008","article-title":"Accidental, non-masturbatory, non-intercourse related, self-inflicted penile fracture: case report and review of literature","volume":"12","author":"Bastianpillai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Urol Case Rep"}],"container-title":["Asian Journal of Andrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aja.aja_70_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T19:30:19Z","timestamp":1786735819000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aja.aja_70_20"}},"subtitle":["the role of substance abuse"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aja.aja_70_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["1008-682X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1008-682X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}}}