{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:00:56Z","timestamp":1787169656154,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with congenital unilateral absence of the vas deferens (CUAVD) manifest diverse symptoms from normospermia to azoospermia. Treatment for CUAVD patients with obstructive azoospermia (OA) is complicated, and there is a lack of relevant reports. In this study, we describe the clinical features and evaluate the treatments and outcomes of CUAVD patients with OA. From December 2015 to December 2020, 33 patients were diagnosed as CUAVD with OA in Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai, China). Patient information, ultrasound findings, semen analysis, hormone profiles, and treatment information were collected, and the clinical outcomes were evaluated. Of 33 patients, 29 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Vasoepididymostomy (VE) or cross VE was performed in 12 patients, the patency rate was 41.7% (5\/12), and natural pregnancy was achieved in one of the patients. The other 17 patients underwent testicular sperm extraction as the distal vas deferens (contralateral side) was obstructed. These findings showed that VE or cross VE remains an alternative treatment for CUAVD patients with OA, even with a relatively low rate of patency and natural pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/aja20225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T03:19:19Z","timestamp":1649128759000},"page":"73-77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clinical features and microsurgical reconstruction of congenital unilateral absence of the vas deferens with obstructive azoospermia: a tertiary care center experience"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yi-Hong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology, The Center for Men\u2019s Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China"},{"name":"Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Jun","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology, The Center for Men\u2019s Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China"},{"name":"Department of Andrology, Jiaozuo Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Jiaozuo 454000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Er-Lei","family":"Zhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology, The Center for Men\u2019s Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen-Cheng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology, The Center for Men\u2019s Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology, The Center for Men\u2019s Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ru-Hui","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology, The Center for Men\u2019s Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Xing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology, The Center for Men\u2019s Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Bo","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Xin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na-Chuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology, The Center for Men\u2019s Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Rong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology, The Center for Men\u2019s Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu-Jun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology, The Center for Men\u2019s Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology, The Center for Men\u2019s Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology, The Center for Men\u2019s Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-020-02122-w","article-title":"Genetics of the congenital absence of the vas deferens","volume":"140","author":"Bieth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"R2-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1983.tb00225.x","article-title":"Vas deferens aplasia: clinical and anatomical features of 90 cases","volume":"15","author":"Wagenknecht","year":"1983","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"R3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3264","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22063264","article-title":"Genetics of azoospermia","volume":"22","author":"Cioppi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R4-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1590\/S1677-5538.IBJU.2015.0717","article-title":"Unilateral absence of vas deferens: prevalence among 23,013 men seeking vasectomy","volume":"42","author":"Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Braz J Urol"},{"key":"R5-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1038\/s41436-018-0262-7","article-title":"CFTR variants and renal abnormalities in males with congenital unilateral absence of the vas deferens (CUAVD): a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"21","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"R6-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12592","article-title":"Expanding the phenotypic and genetic spectrum of Chinese patients with congenital absence of vas deferens bearing CFTR and ADGRG2 alleles","volume":"7","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"R7-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.145045","article-title":"Mutation analysis of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene in Chinese congenital absence of vas deferens patients","volume":"765","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"R8-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12749","article-title":"Male partners of infertile couples with congenital unilateral absence of the vas deferens are mainly non-azoospermic","volume":"8","author":"Mieusset","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"R9-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1900232","article-title":"Modified stepwise mini-incision microdissection testicular sperm extraction: a useful technique for patients with a history of orchidopexy affected by non-obstructive azoospermia","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ Sci B"},{"key":"R10-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-020-00692-5","article-title":"A modified single-armed microsurgical vasoepididymostomy for epididymal obstructive azoospermia: intraoperative choice and postoperative consideration","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"key":"R11-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)68750-0","article-title":"Congenital absence of the vas deferens;a review of the literature and report of three cases","volume":"63","author":"Nelson","year":"1950","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R12-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12994","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12994","article-title":"Comorbidity of the congenital absence of the vas deferens","volume":"50","author":"Akinsal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"R13-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)57294-8","article-title":"Ectopic vas deferens","volume":"120","author":"Gibbons","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12925","article-title":"Prevalence of CBAVD in azoospermic men carrying pathogenic CFTR mutations \u2013evaluated in a cohort of 639 non-vasectomized azoospermic men","volume":"9","author":"Fedder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"R15-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2017.03.019","article-title":"Congenital absence of vas deferens and ectopic kidney","volume":"34","author":"Salwan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"R16-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)01973-8","article-title":"Clinical and genetic features of patients with congenital unilateral absence of the vas deferens","volume":"60","author":"Kolettis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"R17-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2000.tb02859.x","article-title":"Clinical findings in congenital absence of the vasa deferentia","volume":"32","author":"Weiske","year":"2000","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"R18-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew331","article-title":"Pregnancy and live birth rates after microsurgical vasoepididymostomy for azoospermic patients with epididymal obstruction","volume":"32","author":"Peng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"R19-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2008.56","article-title":"Clinical observation of loupe-assisted intussusception vasoepididymostomy in the treatment of obstructive azoospermia (analysis of 49 case reports)","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"R20-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2012.80","article-title":"The evolution and refinement of vasoepididymostomy techniques","volume":"15","author":"Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"R21-20240829","first-page":"67","article-title":"The role of vasoepididymostomy for treatment of obstructive azoospermia in the era of in vitro fertilization: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Yoon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"}],"container-title":["Asian Journal of Andrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aja20225","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:11:47Z","timestamp":1787166707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aja20225"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aja20225","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-7262","1008-682X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-7262","type":"print"},{"value":"1008-682X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-10-09","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-13","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}