{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:23:49Z","timestamp":1787775829598,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739491200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Infertility, defined as the inability to conceive after 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse, impacts 10%\u201320% of couples globally. Both male and female factors contribute equally to this condition. Azoospermia, particularly nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), which affects 10%\u201315% of infertile men, represents a significant challenge in male infertility. The advent of assisted reproductive technology (ART), specifically microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) followed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), offers a possibility for men with NOA to father biological children. Recent studies have focused on the predictors of sperm retrieval in NOA patients, such as age, testicular volume, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level. This review aims to explore the limited data on the anatomical characteristics of NOA patients and provide surgical considerations for micro-TESE, thereby enhancing understanding and improving outcomes for this challenging condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/aja2024102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T04:00:15Z","timestamp":1739505615000},"page":"288-292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Anatomical considerations, testicular, and scrotal anatomy of nonobstructive azoospermia patients"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Hao-Cheng","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 10083, China"},{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 10083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 10083, China"},{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 10083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang-Yi","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 10083, China"},{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 10083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, 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