{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:34:57Z","timestamp":1787070897308,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741305600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study was to survey the relationship between semen values and demographics, comorbidities, and recreational substance use in a large cohort of adult men at the University of Chicago Medical Center Department of Urology (Chicago, IL, USA). We performed an analysis from January 2013 to December 2023 of semen samples obtained from adult patients at our institution and collected their demographics, comorbid medical conditions, and recreational substance use information. Patients were divided into categories of normozoospermia, oligozoospermia, and azoospermia on the basis of the 5\n                    <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                    version of the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Data were analyzed by univariate linear and logistic regression models, after which statistically significant variables were placed into multivariable models. Azoospermia and oligozoospermia were both associated with Caucasian or Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) race (both\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001), increasing age (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.005 and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001, respectively), anemia (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001 and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.02, respectively), lifetime tobacco use (both\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001), lifetime alcohol use (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.02 and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001, respectively), and lifetime use of at least two recreational substances (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001 and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.003, respectively) in multivariable models. Oligospermia was additionally associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.003) in multivariable models. This study suggests that at-risk populations may benefit from additional early screening and workup for infertility.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/aja2024108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T03:01:06Z","timestamp":1741316466000},"page":"464-469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A 10-year longitudinal analysis of the impact of demographic, lifestyle, and medical factors on semen qualities in men in a city in the midwestern region of the United States of America"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Malik","family":"Scott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anaelena","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orry","family":"Marciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Nordgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago Department of Public Health Sciences, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott D","family":"Lundy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omer A","family":"Raheem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago Medical Center Department of Urology, Chicago, IL 60637, 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