{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:23:49Z","timestamp":1791555829077,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Since the early days of assisted reproductive technology (ART), the importance of sperm processing, employed to separate the motile, morphologically normal sperm from the semen, has been shown to be beneficial. The aim of the semen processing technique has been to remove seminal plasma and facilitate capacitation. Additionally, the presence of leukocytes, bacteria, and dead spermatozoa has been shown to be detrimental as it may cause oxidative stress that has an adverse effect on oocyte fertilization and embryo development. Hence, removal of leukocytes, bacteria, and dead spermatozoa is an important step of sperm processing for assisted reproduction. Currently, several sperm processing techniques have been evolved and optimized in the field of assisted reproduction. The requirements for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and testicular sperm extraction (TESE) are different than those of intrauterine insemination (IUI). The yield of as many motile, morphologically normal sperm as possible is a prerequisite for the success of IVF insemination procedure. In ICSI, where injection of a single spermatozoon into the oocyte is performed by the embryologist, sperm selection techniques play a crucial role in the ICSI procedure. Finally, sperm retrieval in TESE samples with very low number of sperm may be challenging and requires extra care during sample processing. Additionally, sperm cryopreservation is necessary in TESE cases in order to avoid multiple biopsies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/aja2024122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T16:00:14Z","timestamp":1742313614000},"page":"383-391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Andrology laboratory techniques for micro-TESE\/IVF\/ICSI: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Krishna Chaitanya","family":"Mantravadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Embryology, Oasis Fertility, Hyderabad 500034, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Anagnostopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Reproductive Medicine Embryo ART, Lito Maternity Hospital, Athens 11524, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firuza R","family":"Parikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FertilTree-Jaslok International Fertility Centre, Department of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai 400026, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)43882-3","article-title":"Effects of human seminal plasma on fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa","volume":"31","author":"Kanwar","year":"1979","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"R2-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0810459","article-title":"Cellular basis of defective sperm function and its association with the genesis of reactive oxygen species by human 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