{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:20:08Z","timestamp":1791483608561,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Varicocele has a prevalence of 15% in the population and represents a primary cause of infertility in 40% of cases and a secondary cause in approximately 80% of cases. It is considered the major correctable cause of male infertility. Despite its high prevalence in the infertile population, a large number of patients with varicocele do not experience reproductive difficulties. For this reason, it is still highly debated which parameters could be used to predict which patients with varicocele will be most likely to benefit from its repair. The main international and European guidelines state that treatment should only be considered in infertile patients with abnormal sperm quality. However, these guidelines do not help physicians to identify which of these patients may benefit from the treatment. Therefore, this narrative review collects the evidence in the literature on the usefulness of some factors as predictors of improvement, highlighting how some of them may be effective in an initial selection of patients to be treated, while others are promising but further studies are needed. Finally, a brief consideration on the possible role of artificial intelligence is proposed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/aja202420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T03:00:44Z","timestamp":1716519644000},"page":"441-450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Predictive parameters of the efficacy of varicocele repair: a review"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Crafa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossella","family":"Cannarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy"},{"name":"Glickman Urology and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosita A","family":"Condorelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura M","family":"Mongio\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro La","family":"Vignera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo E","family":"Calogero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20240905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32667-2","article-title":"Male infertility","volume":"397","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R3-20240905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.08.006","article-title":"Male infertility:pathogenesis and clinical diagnosis","volume":"25","author":"Krausz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R4-20240905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3152","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093152","article-title":"Productivity index in clinical andrology:research directions on high-impact topics and in particular on male infertility","volume":"12","author":"Crafa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"R5-20240905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.036","article-title":"Varicoceles:prevalence and pathogenesis in adult men","volume":"108","author":"Clavijo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"R6-20240905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4062","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12124062","article-title":"Varicocele:to treat or not to treat?","volume":"12","author":"Franco","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"R7-20240905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.220048","article-title":"Global andrology forum. 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