{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:23:48Z","timestamp":1787772228861,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715904000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Discovery of spermatozoa during the 17\n                    <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                    century led to developing technologies for semen analysis in the early 1900s, and then, standard techniques were implemented during the 20\n                    <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                    century. Semen analysis has a pivotal role in the male infertility evaluation, and azoospermia is an important finding. Azoospermia is identified in 15% of infertile men. However, the accurate laboratory assessment of azoospermia poses certain technical challenges. Laboratories currently perform semen assessment with great variability; thus, a standard method should be used. Planning suitable management and determining the cause of infertility require a precise evaluation of azoospermia. This review aims to address the definition of azoospermia and highlight laboratory methods in the assessments of azoospermia. Basic methods such as centrifugation, repeat pellet analysis, and staining and advanced methods such as genetic testing and biomarkers have been discussed. These methods have helped in standardizing the protocol for accurate azoospermia assessments with less variability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/aja202429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T03:02:44Z","timestamp":1715914964000},"page":"293-297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Andrology laboratory technique for analysis of semen in men with azoospermia"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Andrian","family":"Japari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fertility Clinic, Telogorejo Hospital, Semarang 50241, Indonesia"},{"name":"Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH 44022, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dharani","family":"Moorthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH 44022, USA"},{"name":"Swarupa Fertility and IVF Centre, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh 520002, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amarnath","family":"Rambhatla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH 44022, USA"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48075, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.4103\/jhrs.JHRS_97_17","article-title":"On the origins of the semen analysis:a close relationship with the history of the reproductive medicine","volume":"10","author":"Andrade Rocha","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hum Reprod Sci"},{"key":"R2-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)41846-7","article-title":"The tricentennial of the discovery of 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