{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:26:35Z","timestamp":1787840795856,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731369600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n The aim of this investigation was to determine the optimal storage medium for testicular hypothermic transportation and identify the ideal concentration for the application of the protective agent 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). Furthermore, this study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of the protective effects of 5-ALA. First, we collected and stored mouse testicular fragments in different media, including Hank\u2019s balanced salt solution (HBSS;\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 5), Dulbecco\u2019s Modified Eagle Medium\/Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM\/F12;\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 5), and alpha-minimum essential medium (\u03b1MEM;\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 5). Storage of testicular tissue in HBSS preserved the integrity of testicular morphology better than that in the DMEM\/F12 group (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05) and the \u03b1MEM group (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01). Testicular fragments were subsequently placed in HBSS with various concentrations of 5-ALA (0 [control], 1 mmol l\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n , 2 mmol l\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n , and 5 mmol l\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n ) to determine the most effective concentration of 5-ALA. The 2 mmol l\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n 5-ALA group (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 3) presented the highest positive rate of spermatogonial stem cells compared with those in the control, 1 mmol l\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n , and 5 mmol l\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n 5-ALA groups. Finally, the tissue fragments were preserved in HBSS with control (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 3) and 2 mmol l\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n 5-ALA (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 3) under low-temperature conditions. A comparative analysis was performed against fresh testes (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 3) to elucidate the underlying mechanism of 5-ALA. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for WikiPathways revealed that the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was downregulated in the 2 mmol l\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n 5-ALA group compared with that in the control group (normalized enrichment score [NES] = \u22121.57, false discovery rate [FDR] = 0.229, and\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.019). In conclusion, these data suggest that using 2 mmol l\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n 5-ALA in HBSS effectively protected the viability of spermatogonial stem cells upon hypothermic transportation.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/aja202490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T07:00:11Z","timestamp":1731654011000},"page":"454-463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The addition of 5-aminolevulinic acid to HBSS protects testis grafts during hypothermic transportation: a novel preservation strategy"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Meng-Hui","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Reproductive Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China"},{"name":"Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Fertility Preservation, Guangzhou 510655, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Gen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Reproductive Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China"},{"name":"Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Fertility Preservation, Guangzhou 510655, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Xian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Reproductive Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China"},{"name":"Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Fertility Preservation, Guangzhou 510655, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Cheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Reproductive Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China"},{"name":"Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Fertility Preservation, Guangzhou 510655, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen-Han","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Reproductive Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China"},{"name":"Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Fertility Preservation, Guangzhou 510655, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin-Yan","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Reproductive Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China"},{"name":"Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Fertility Preservation, Guangzhou 510655, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Qing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Reproductive Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China"},{"name":"Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Fertility Preservation, Guangzhou 510655, 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