{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:10:46Z","timestamp":1790611846641,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744934400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The use of fresh versus frozen spermatozoa in men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) undergoing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    fertilization (IVF) has been a debated hot topic among reproductive specialists. Each approach presents distinct advantages and disadvantages, with fresh sperm typically showing superior sperm quality, while frozen sperm offers logistical flexibility and a reliable backup for repeated cycles. This review summarizes the latest advancements in sperm retrieval and cryopreservation techniques, providing practitioners with a comprehensive analysis of each option\u2019s strengths and limitations. Comparative studies indicate that, although fresh sperm often has better quality metrics, cryopreservation methods such as vitrification have significantly improved postthaw outcomes, making frozen sperm a viable choice in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The findings show comparable rates for fertilization, implantation, clinical pregnancy, and live birth between fresh and frozen microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) sperm in many cases, although patient-specific factors such as timing, cost-effectiveness, and procedural convenience should guide the final decision. Ultimately, the choice of using fresh or frozen sperm should align with the individual needs and conditions of patients. This tailored approach, supported by the latest advancements, can optimize ART outcomes and provide personalized reproductive care.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/aja202513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T04:00:06Z","timestamp":1744948806000},"page":"399-408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Fresh versus frozen micro-TESE sperm and outcomes"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Krishna Chaitanya","family":"Mantravadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Embryology, Oasis Fertility, Hyderabad 500034, India"},{"name":"Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH 44022, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlon","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH 44022, USA"},{"name":"Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila 2000, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Favian Ariiq","family":"Rahmat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH 44022, USA"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armand","family":"Achmadsyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH 44022, USA"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Missy","family":"Savira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH 44022, USA"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ponco","family":"Birowo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH 44022, USA"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-015-0032-1","article-title":"A unique view on male infertility around the globe","volume":"13","author":"Agarwal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"R2-20250512","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1259\/imaging\/67168161","article-title":"Male infertility:role of imaging in the diagnosis and 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