{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T21:31:34Z","timestamp":1789248694141,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    As prepubertal boys do not yet produce spermatozoa, they cannot rely on sperm cryopreservation for fertility preservation before gonadotoxic therapy, such as high-dose alkylating agents or radiotherapy in the case of childhood cancers. According to the current guidelines, cryopreservation of testicular biopsies containing spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) may be proposed to high-risk patients for potential later therapeutic use to fulfill the patients\u2019 wish for a biological child. One promising technique for human\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    spermatogenesis and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    propagation of human SSCs is microfluidic (MF) culture, in which cells or tissues are subjected to a continuous flow of medium. This provides exact control over such parameters as nutrient content and gradients, as well as the removal of waste metabolites. While MF has been shown to maintain tissues and cell populations of organs for longer than conventional\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    culture techniques, it has not been widely used for testicular\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    culture. MF could advance human testicular\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    culture and is also applicable to reprotoxicity studies. This review summarizes the findings and achievements of testis-on-chip (ToC) setups to date and discusses the benefits and limitations of these for spermatogenesis\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and toxicity assessment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/aja20254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T06:00:10Z","timestamp":1745301610000},"page":"659-668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Microfluidic systems in testicular in vitro culture: a powerful model tool for spermatogenesis and reprotoxicity studies"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Botho Maximilian","family":"Schneider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Andrological Section, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hande Irem","family":"Hamurcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Andrological Section, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Salzbrunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Andrological Section, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrein von","family":"Kopylow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Andrological Section, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, 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