{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T20:39:05Z","timestamp":1786653545278,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Sperm quality is crucial for sperm function and can even affect embryo quality and offspring health. Spermatid maturation is extremely complex, as spermatids undergo morphological changes, laying the foundation for the execution of sperm function. The function of sperm acrosome-associated 4 (SPACA4) in spermatogenesis is not well known. The present study revealed that SPACA4 was specifically expressed in the acrosomes and cytoplasm of mouse spermatids.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Spaca4<\/jats:italic>\n                    knockout mice demonstrated that the loss of SPACA4 led to male subfertility. The quality of mature sperm was abnormal in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Spaca4\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice, manifested by decreased motility and multiple deformities. Spaca4\n                    <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                    sperm exhibited irregular nuclear shapes, abnormal nuclei with vacuoles, missing or incompletely fused acrosomes, and multiple cross-sections enclosed in the same sperm cell membrane. Electron microscopy and molecular expression analyses of testicles revealed that the loss of SPACA4 affected the differentiation of the acrosome, acroplaxome, and manchette, resulting in abnormalities in nuclear elongation, chromatin condensation, and flagellar development. Interestingly, SPACA4 did not regulate spermiogenesis via the acetylcholine signaling pathway. Analysis of the differential protein expression profile revealed that the expression of 9 proteins was significantly decreased in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Spaca4\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic>\n                    spermatids. A decreased protein, transformation-related protein 53 target 5 (TRP53TG5), was knocked down in spermatids and found that the phenotype was consistent with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Spaca4<\/jats:italic>\n                    knockout mice. These results revealed that the absence of SPACA4 leads to abnormal spermatid maturation and affects sperm quality in mice. Abnormal sperm quality in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Spaca4\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice results in decreased sperm capacitation and a decreased acrosome response, ultimately affecting the fertility of male mice.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/aja202553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T12:00:07Z","timestamp":1768305607000},"page":"310-320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["SPACA4 regulates the structure and molecular basis of spermatid maturation and ultimately affects sperm quality in mice"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China"},{"name":"Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Qian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan-Yang","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang-Zheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-Li","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue-Jiang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem046","article-title":"International estimates of infertility prevalence and treatment-seeking:potential need and demand for infertility medical care","volume":"22","author":"Boivin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"R2-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.17076.1","article-title":"Recent advances in understanding and managing male infertility","volume":"8","author":"Fainberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"R3-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100636","article-title":"Sperm mRNAs as potential markers of male fertility","volume":"22","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Biol"},{"key":"R4-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2020.02.017","article-title":"Assessments of sperm quality integrating morphology, swimming patterns, bioenergetics and cell signalling","volume":"150","author":"Roldan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"R5-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2016.25.18.S35","article-title":"Male infertility:an overview of causes and treatment options","volume":"25","author":"Leaver","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Nurs"},{"key":"R6-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101472","article-title":"Genetic underpinnings of asthenozoospermia","volume":"34","author":"Tu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R7-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.05.008","article-title":"The male infertility evaluation still matters in the era of high efficacy assisted reproductive technology","volume":"118","author":"Calvert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"R8-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-014-0280-6","article-title":"A multi-faceted approach to understanding male infertility:gene mutations, molecular defects and assisted reproductive techniques (ART)","volume":"31","author":"Tahmasbpour","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"R9-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12610-016-0045-4","article-title":"Sperm quality and paternal age:effect on blastocyst formation and pregnancy rates","volume":"27","author":"Chapuis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Basic Clin Androl"},{"key":"R10-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.4103\/aja.aja_91_20","article-title":"Influence of sperm morphology on pregnancy outcome and offspring in in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection:a matched case-control study","volume":"23","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"R11-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-018-1304-4","article-title":"Paternal factors contributing to embryo quality","volume":"35","author":"Colaco","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"R12-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-019-0911-7","article-title":"Sperm morphology:history, challenges, and impact on natural and assisted fertility","volume":"20","author":"Danis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Urol Rep"},{"key":"R13-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R53","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-18-0457","article-title":"The cytoskeleton in spermatogenesis","volume":"157","author":"Dunleavy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"R14-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10030666","article-title":"Novel gene regulation in normal and abnormal spermatogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"R15-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-021-02071-z","article-title":"Microenvironment for spermatogenesis and sperm maturation","volume":"157","author":"Miyaso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"R16-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3702","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103702","article-title":"Sperm differentiation:the role of trafficking of proteins","volume":"21","author":"Teves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R17-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmab043","article-title":"Autophagy:a multifaceted player in the fate of sperm","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"R18-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2019.05.027","article-title":"The dynamics and regulation of chromatin remodeling during spermiogenesis","volume":"706","author":"Hao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"R19-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2019.00195","article-title":"Mechanism of acrosome biogenesis in mammals","volume":"7","author":"Khawar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"R20-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R43","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-15-0310","article-title":"Formation and function of the manchette and flagellum during spermatogenesis","volume":"151","author":"Lehti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"R21-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s40246-016-0074-2","article-title":"Organization, evolution and functions of the human and mouse Ly6\/uPAR family genes","volume":"10","author":"Loughner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Genomics"},{"key":"R22-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.5b00322","article-title":"Multidimensional drift of sequence attributes and functional profiles in the superfamily of the three-finger proteins and their structural homologues","volume":"55","author":"Galat","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Chem Inf Model"},{"key":"R23-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2020.06.046","article-title":"Acrosomal marker SP-10 (gene name Acrv1) for staging of the cycle of seminiferous epithelium in the stallion","volume":"156","author":"Cruz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"R24-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaa018","article-title":"LYPD4, mouse homolog of a human acrosome protein, is essential for sperm fertilizing ability and male fertility","volume":"102","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"R25-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23616","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23616","article-title":"TEX101, a glycoprotein essential for sperm fertility, is required for stable expression of Ly6k on testicular germ cells","volume":"6","author":"Endo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R26-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18498","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1908736116","article-title":"Identification of multiple male reproductive tract-specific proteins that regulate sperm migration through the oviduct in mice","volume":"116","author":"Fujihara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R27-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2108777118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2108777118","article-title":"The conserved fertility factor SPACA4\/Bouncer has divergent modes of action in vertebrate fertilization","volume":"118","author":"Fujihara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R28-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204017","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1204017","article-title":"Spermatogenic cell-specific SPACA4 is essential for efficient sperm-zona pellucida binding in vitro","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"R29-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297917130090","article-title":"Three-finger proteins from the Ly6\/uPAR family:functional diversity within one structural motif","volume":"82","author":"Vasilyeva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochemistry (Mosc)"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"R30-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13975","article-title":"The three-finger toxin fold:a multifunctional structural scaffold able to modulate cholinergic functions","volume":"142","author":"Kessler","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"R31-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.11.003","article-title":"Three-finger snake neurotoxins and Ly6 proteins targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors:pharmacological tools and endogenous modulators","volume":"36","author":"Tsetlin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"R32-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.114168","article-title":"Snake three-finger \u03b1-neurotoxins and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors:molecules, mechanisms and medicine","volume":"181","author":"Nirthanan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"R33-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.01.027","article-title":"Generation of gene-modified cynomolgus monkey via Cas9\/RNA-mediated gene targeting in one-cell embryos","volume":"156","author":"Niu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"R34-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230290105721","article-title":"Fixation of testes and eyes using a modified Davidson's fluid:comparison with Bouin's fluid and conventional Davidson's fluid","volume":"30","author":"Latendresse","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"R35-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623738","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.623738","article-title":"TULP2, a new RNA-binding protein, is required for mouse spermatid differentiation and male fertility","volume":"9","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"R36-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14149","article-title":"Deficiency of TPPP2, a factor linked to oligoasthenozoospermia, causes subfertility in male mice","volume":"23","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"R37-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-103-5_16","article-title":"Staging of mouse seminiferous tubule cross-sections","volume":"558","author":"Ahmed","year":"2009","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"R38-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76157","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.76157","article-title":"Absence of CEP78 causes photoreceptor and sperm flagella impairments in mice and a human individual","volume":"12","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"R39-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1017\/S1464793103006407","article-title":"The sperm, a neuron with a tail:'neuronal'receptors in mammalian sperm","volume":"79","author":"Meizel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc"},{"key":"R40-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.116.144154","article-title":"Neuronal signaling repertoire in the mammalian sperm functionality","volume":"96","author":"Ram\u00edrez-Reveco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"R41-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gah245","article-title":"Acetylcholine causes an increase of intracellular calcium in human sperm","volume":"11","author":"Bray","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"R42-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.105.042184","article-title":"Mice deficient in CHRNA7, a subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, produce sperm with impaired motility","volume":"73","author":"Bray","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"R43-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6839","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27172-0","article-title":"Cell-fate transition and determination analysis of mouse male germ cells throughout development","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"R44-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.20463","article-title":"Identification and expression profiling of 10 novel spermatid expressed CYPT genes","volume":"73","author":"Hansen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"R45-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2018.03.059","article-title":"The acroframosome-acroplaxome-manchette axis may function in sperm head shaping and male fertility","volume":"660","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"R46-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2014.01.003","article-title":"Microtubules and spermatogenesis","volume":"30","author":"O'Donnell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"R47-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4628","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e03-04-0226","article-title":"Acroplaxome, an F-actin-keratin-containing plate, anchors the acrosome to the nucleus during shaping of the spermatid head","volume":"14","author":"Kierszenbaum","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"R48-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.103.025346","article-title":"The acroplaxome is the docking site of Golgi-derived myosin Va\/Rab27a\/b- containing proacrosomal vesicles in wild-type and Hrb mutant mouse spermatids","volume":"70","author":"Kierszenbaum","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"R49-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-14-0012","article-title":"Lamin A\/C proteins in the spermatid acroplaxome are essential in mouse spermiogenesis","volume":"148","author":"Shen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"R50-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.180066","article-title":"Microtubular dysfunction and male infertility","volume":"38","author":"Gunes","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"},{"key":"R51-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16606","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16809-0","article-title":"Interaction of synthetic human SLURP-1 with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors","volume":"7","author":"Durek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R52-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106845","article-title":"Lynx1 and the family of endogenous mammalian neurotoxin-like proteins and their roles in modulating nAChR function","volume":"194","author":"Palumbo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"R53-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25928","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M502435200","article-title":"Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits and associated proteins in human sperm","volume":"280","author":"Kumar","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R54-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.011163","article-title":"Evidence suggesting that the mouse sperm acrosome reaction initiated by the zona pellucida involves an alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor","volume":"68","author":"Son","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"R55-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.07.006","article-title":"A phenotype for the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor null mutant","volume":"1023","author":"Morley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"R56-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7107","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.25.16.7107-7119.2005","article-title":"HANP1\/H1T2, a novel histone H1-like protein involved in nuclear formation and sperm fertility","volume":"25","author":"Tanaka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"R57-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.104.028191","article-title":"Nucleoprotein transitions during spermiogenesis in mice with transition nuclear protein Tnp1 and Tnp2 mutations","volume":"71","author":"Zhao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"R58-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.133318","article-title":"Ultrastructural changes and asthenozoospermia in murine spermatozoa lacking the ribosomal protein L29\/HIP gene","volume":"16","author":"Aravindan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"R59-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e69160","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.69160","article-title":"GIV\/Girdin, a non-receptor modulator for G\u03b1i\/s, regulates spatiotemporal signaling during sperm capacitation and is required for male fertility","volume":"10","author":"Reynoso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"}],"container-title":["Asian Journal of Andrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aja202553","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:39:12Z","timestamp":1786649952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/aja202553"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aja202553","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-7262","1008-682X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-7262","type":"print"},{"value":"1008-682X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-09","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-16","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}