{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T09:13:25Z","timestamp":1788599605050,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Currently, there are limited data to support the association between sulfur dioxide (SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) exposure and semen quality. Here, we analyzed nine elements including vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), and strontium (Sr) in seminal plasma of 738 participants using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP\u2013MS). Each participant was assigned an average SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    exposure of 0\u201390 days preceding semen collection. Associations were determined using multivariable linear models, susceptible exposure windows were identified via distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNM), and indirect effects and effect modification were examined based on mediation and interaction analyses. Notably, SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    exposure was negatively associated with sperm concentration (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    : \u22120.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: \u22120.13 to \u22120.01;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.02), total sperm count (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    : \u22120.09; 95% CI: \u22120.15 to \u22120.03;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.01), progressive motility (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    : \u22120.04; 95% CI: \u22120.07 to \u22120.01;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.02), and total motility (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    : \u22120.03; 95% CI: \u22120.07 to \u22120.01;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.01), but positively associated with sperm abnormal morphology (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    : 0.27; 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.42;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.01). DLNM identified a susceptibility window during spermiogenesis (lags 37\u201369 days). Se was positively associated with sperm concentration (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    : 0.34; 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.45;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.01) and total sperm count (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    : 0.28, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.40;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.01), mediating 23.6% and 14.6% of the effects of SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , respectively. A significant interaction between SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and Ni was detected in sperm abnormal morphology (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    : 0.28; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.51;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.02). These results indicate that SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    exposure may reduce semen quality, and this effect may be mediated by Se and modified by Ni.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/aja202574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T15:00:20Z","timestamp":1769785220000},"page":"586-595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of sulfur dioxide exposure with sperm quality in reproductive-aged men: the mediating and moderating roles of essential elements in seminal plasma"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-Yu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Qing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China"},{"name":"School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-Yu","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Yang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang-Biao","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gui-Ying","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China"},{"name":"School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Mei","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Mei","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Xia","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s 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