{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T23:53:35Z","timestamp":1782777215135,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1754,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Asian J Neurosurg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n          Context: Hydrocephalus, due to subarachnoid or intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), meningitis, or tumor compression, is usually transient and may resolve after treatment. There are several temporary methods of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion, none of it is superior to the other, and the decision is based on its various etiologies and factors. Ventriculosubgaleal shunt (VSGS) is one of those temporary measures, which is a simple and rapid CSF decompression method without causing electrolyte and nutritional losses. Aims: The aim is to study the efficacy of VSGS for temporary CSF diversion, compared to extraventricular drainage (EVD) in adult hydrocephalus patients; to evaluate the outcome in terms of avoiding a permanent shunt, and to look for incidences of their complications. Settings and Design: This was a retrospective observational study. Subjects and Methods: The data were acquired from case notes of fifty patients with acute hydrocephalus: 26 secondary to IVH, 10 from aneurysm rupture, 8 posttrauma, and 6 from infection. All these patients had undergone CSF diversion in Hospital Queen Elizabeth II, Sabah, Malaysia, between 2013 and 2015. The patients were followed up from the date of treatment until the resolution of hydrocephalus, where parameters such as shunt dependency and complications were documented. Statistical Analysis Used: All analyses were carried out using Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences Version 22.0. Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test is used for univariate analysis of categorical variables. Results: A total of 21 (42%) patients underwent EVD insertion and 29 (58%) underwent VSGS insertion. Thirty-seven (74%) patients did not require a permanent shunt; 24 (64.8%) of them were from the VSGS group (P = 0.097). EVD had more intracranial complications (44.1%) compared with VSGS (23.5%), with a statistically significant P = 0.026. Conclusions: VSGS is a safe and viable option for adult hydrocephalus patients, with the possibility of continuation of the treatment for such patients in nonneurosurgical centers, as opposed to patients with EVDs. Furthermore, even though this method had no statistical difference in avoiding a permanent ventriculoperitoneal shunt, VSGS has statistically significant less intracranial complications compared with EVD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ajns.ajns_122_16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]],"date-time":"2017-10-03T12:54:35Z","timestamp":1507035275000},"page":"659-663","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Comparison between ventriculosubgaleal shunt and extraventricular drainage to treat acute hydrocephalus in adults"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Low","family":"Nee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Queen Elizabeth II, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Center for Neuroscience Services and Research, University Science Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahmat","family":"Harun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Queen Elizabeth II, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pulivendhan","family":"Sellamuthu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Queen Elizabeth II, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zamzuri","family":"Idris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Center for Neuroscience Services and Research, University Science Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215762-1","unstructured":"Connolly ES, McKhann GM, Huang J, Choudhri TF, Komotar RJ, Mocco J, editors. Fundamentals of Operative Techniques in Neurosurgery. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2002. p. 371-5."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215762-2","first-page":"473","volume-title":"Ventriculo-subgaleal shunt: Step-by-step technical note","author":"Hansasuta","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215762-3","first-page":"1505","volume-title":"Ventriculosubgaleal shunt procedure and its long-term outcomes in premature infants with post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus","author":"K\u00f6ksal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215762-4","first-page":"48","volume-title":"The risk factors of external ventricular drainage-related infection at hospital Kuala Lumpur: An observational study","author":"Omar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Malays J Med Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215762-5","first-page":"1309","volume-title":"Relationship between bacterial colonization of external cerebrospinal fluid drains and secondary meningitis: A retrospective analysis of an 8-year period","author":"Hetem","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215762-6","first-page":"178","volume-title":"Ventriculosubgaleal shunts for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in premature infants","author":"Willis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215762-7","first-page":"244","volume-title":"Life expectancy of ventriculosubgaleal shunt revisions","author":"Tubbs","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215762-8","first-page":"80","volume-title":"Neonatal ventriculosubgaleal shunts","author":"Fulmer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215762-9","first-page":"650","volume-title":"Ventriculosubgaleal shunt: A treatment option for progressive posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus","author":"Rahman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215762-10","first-page":"263","volume-title":"Ventriculosubgaleal shunts: Management of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in premature infants","author":"Sklar","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215762-11","first-page":"413","volume-title":"Ventriculosubgaleal shunt in the treatment of posthemorrhagic and postinfectious hydrocephalus of premature infants","author":"Nagy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"}],"container-title":["Asian Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.4103\/ajns.AJNS_122_16.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T22:53:50Z","timestamp":1663714430000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.4103\/ajns.AJNS_122_16"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ajns.ajns_122_16","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1793-5482","2248-9614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1793-5482","type":"print"},{"value":"2248-9614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}}}