{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:56:13Z","timestamp":1792515373247,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":237,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1754,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Asian J Neurosurg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a sudden, severe, brief, stabbing, and recurrent pain within one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. Type 1 as intermittent and Type 2 as constant pain represent distinct clinical, pathological, and prognostic entities. Although multiple mechanism involving peripheral pathologies at root (compression or traction), and dysfunctions of brain stem, basal ganglion, and cortical pain modulatory mechanisms could have role, neurovascular conflict is the most accepted theory. Diagnosis is essentially clinically; magnetic resonance imaging is useful to rule out secondary causes, detect pathological changes in affected root and neurovascular compression (NVC). Carbamazepine is the drug of choice; oxcarbazepine, baclofen, lamotrigine, phenytoin, and topiramate are also useful. Multidrug regimens and multidisciplinary approaches are useful in selected patients. Microvascular decompression is surgical treatment of choice in TN resistant to medical management. Patients with significant medical comorbidities, without NVC and multiple sclerosis are generally recommended to undergo gamma knife radiosurgery, percutaneous balloon compression, glycerol rhizotomy, and radiofrequency thermocoagulation procedures. Partial sensory root sectioning is indicated in negative vessel explorations during surgery and large intraneural vein. Endoscopic technique can be used alone for vascular decompression or as an adjuvant to microscope. It allows better visualization of vascular conflict and entire root from pons to ganglion including ventral aspect. The effectiveness and completeness of decompression can be assessed and new vascular conflicts that may be missed by microscope can be identified. It requires less brain retraction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ajns.ajns_67_14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]],"date-time":"2017-10-03T12:54:35Z","timestamp":1507035275000},"page":"585-597","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Trigeminal neuralgia"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yad","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yadav","family":"Nishtha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radio Diagnosis and Imaging, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pande","family":"Sonjjay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radio Diagnosis and Imaging, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parihar","family":"Vijay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ratre","family":"Shailendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khare","family":"Yatin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-1","first-page":"410","volume-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia: The diagnosis and management of this excruciating and poorly understood facial pain","author":"Zakrzewska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-2","first-page":"1013","volume-title":"AAN-EFNS guidelines on trigeminal neuralgia management","author":"Cruccu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-3","first-page":"249","volume-title":"Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: Role of radiofrequency ablation","author":"Emril","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-4","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Surgical management of medically refractory trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Pollock","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-5","first-page":"89","volume-title":"The anatomy of vascular compression in trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Thomas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-6","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Anatomical observations during microvascular decompression for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (with correlations between topography of pain and site of the neurovascular conflict).Prospective study in a series of 579 patients","author":"Sindou","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-7","first-page":"200","volume-title":"Operative findings in cases of trigeminal neuralgia without vascular compression: Proposal of a different mechanism","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DosSantos MF, Martikainen IK, Nascimento TD, Love TM, Deboer MD, Maslowski EC, et al. Reduced basal ganglia \u03bc-opioid receptor availability in trigeminal neuropathic pain: A pilot study. Mol Pain 2012;8:74.","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-8-74"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-9","first-page":"e66340","volume-title":"Sensorimotor and pain modulation brain abnormalities in trigeminal neuralgia: A paroxysmal, sensory-triggered neuropathic pain","author":"Desouza","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-10","first-page":"567","volume-title":"Neurobiology of trigeminal pain","author":"Dallel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Sci (Paris)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-11","first-page":"532","volume-title":"Mechanism of trigeminal neuralgia: An ultrastructural analysis of trigeminal root specimens obtained during microvascular decompression surgery","author":"Devor","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-12","first-page":"505","volume-title":"Bioresonance hypothesis: A new mechanism on the pathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Jia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-13","first-page":"354","volume-title":"Microanatomy of the central myelin-peripheral myelin transition zone of the trigeminal nerve","author":"Peker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-14","first-page":"427","volume-title":"Is the root entry\/exit zone important in microvascular compression syndromes?","author":"De","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-15","first-page":"38","volume-title":"Trigeminal nerve \u2013 Artery contact in people without trigeminal neuralgia \u2013 MR study","author":"Adamczyk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-16","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Topographic anatomical relationship between the trigeminal nerve trunk and superior cerebellar artery in patients with trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Baliazina","year":"2009","journal-title":"Morfologiia"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-17","first-page":"934","volume-title":"An anatomical study of the neurovascular relationships at the trigeminal root entry zone","author":"Ramesh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-18","first-page":"627","volume-title":"Radiographic evaluation of trigeminal neurovascular compression in patients with and without trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Miller","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-19","first-page":"237","volume-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia due to venous neurovascular conflicts: Outcome after microvascular decompression in a series of 55 consecutive patients","author":"Dumot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-20","first-page":"1455","volume-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia and persistent trigeminal artery","author":"Conforti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-21","first-page":"e22","volume-title":"Resolution of trigeminal neuralgia by coil embolization of a persistent primitive trigeminal artery aneurysm","author":"Ladner","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurointerv Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-22","first-page":"573","volume-title":"Clinical analysis of trigeminal neuralgia caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-23","first-page":"1627","volume-title":"Patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia have a sharper-than-normal trigeminal-pontine angle and trigeminal nerve atrophy","author":"Ha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-24","first-page":"863","volume-title":"The role of the cerebellopontine angle cistern area and trigeminal nerve length in the pathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia: A prospective case-control study","author":"Parise","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-25","first-page":"614","volume-title":"Volumetric measurement of the pontomesencephalic cistern in patients with trigeminal neuralgia and healthy controls","author":"Rasche","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu P, Zhong W, Liao C, Liu M, Zhang W. Narrow foramen ovale and rotundum: A role in the etiology of trigeminal neuralgia. J Craniofac Surg 2016;27:2168-70. [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000003021"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-27","first-page":"795","volume-title":"Ultrastructure and immunohistochemistry of the trigeminal peripheral myelinated axons in patients with neuralgia","author":"Marinkovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-28","first-page":"633","volume-title":"Nerve atrophy and a small cerebellopontine angle cistern in patients with trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-29","first-page":"609","volume-title":"Microstructural abnormalities of the trigeminal nerve correlate with pain severity and concomitant emotional dysfunctions in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia: A randomized, prospective, double-blind study","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-30","first-page":"352","volume-title":"Gray matter volume reduction reflects chronic pain in trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Obermann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-31","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Structural magnetic resonance imaging can identify trigeminal system abnormalities in classical trigeminal neuralgia","author":"DeSouza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Neuroanat"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-32","first-page":"36030","volume-title":"Brain white matter plasticity and functional reorganization underlying the central pathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Tian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-33","first-page":"152","volume-title":"On the natural history of trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Burchiel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-34","first-page":"1231","volume-title":"Classification of trigeminal neuralgia: Clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic implications in a series of 144 patients undergoing microvascular decompression","author":"Miller","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-35","first-page":"767","volume-title":"Door-to-door survey of major neurological disorders (project) in Al Quseir City, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt","author":"Tallawy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-36","first-page":"2365","volume-title":"Cranial nerve vascular compression syndromes of the trigeminal, facial and vago-glossopharyngeal nerves: Comparative anatomical study of the central myelin portion and transitional zone; correlations with incidences of corresponding hyperactive dysfunctional syndromes","author":"Guclu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-37","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Painful tic convulsif syndrome due to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia","author":"Mittal","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci Rural Pract","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0976-3147","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-38","first-page":"73","volume-title":"A single microvascular decompression surgery cures a patient with trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, tinnitus, hypertension, and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia caused by the compression of a vertebral artery","author":"Jia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurol India","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0028-3886","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-39","first-page":"476","volume-title":"Bilateral trigeminal neuralgia: Case report","author":"Oliveira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Bras Anestesiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-40","first-page":"2123","volume-title":"Surgical treatment of pediatric trigeminal neuralgia: Case series and review of the literature","author":"Bender","year":"2011","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-41","first-page":"417","volume-title":"Differences of blink-reflex abnormalities in patients suffering from idiopathic and symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Mikula","year":"2005","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-42","first-page":"507","volume-title":"Subtle sensory abnormalities detected by quantitative sensory testing in patients with trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Flor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-43","first-page":"281","volume-title":"Imaging of vascular causes of trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Harsha","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-44","first-page":"1464","volume-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging contribution for diagnosing symptomatic neurovascular contact in classical trigeminal neuralgia: A blinded case-control study and meta-analysis","author":"Antonini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-45","first-page":"783","volume-title":"Microstructural abnormalities in the trigeminal nerves of patients with trigeminal neuralgia revealed by multiple diffusion metrics","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-46","first-page":"749","volume-title":"Structural abnormalities of trigeminal root with neurovascular compression revealed by high resolution diffusion tensor imaging","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-47","first-page":"524","volume-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia due to neurovascular compression: High-spatial-resolution diffusion-tensor imaging reveals microstructural neural changes","author":"Lutz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-48","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Focal deformity of the cranial nerves observed on multislice motion-sensitized driven equilibrium (MSDE) in patients with neurovascular compression","author":"Kanoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-49","first-page":"50","volume-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia: Assessment of neurovascular decompression by 3D fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition and 3D time of flight multiple overlapping thin slab acquisition magnetic resonance imaging","author":"Prieto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2152-7806","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-50","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Preoperative detection of the neurovascular relationship in trigeminal neuralgia using three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (FIESTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)","author":"Zeng","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-51","first-page":"894","volume-title":"Preoperative evaluation of neurovascular relationship by using contrast-enhanced and unenhanced 3D time-of-flight MR angiography in patients with trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-52","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Visualization of vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve with high-resolution 3T MRI: A prospective study comparing preoperative imaging analysis to surgical findings in 40 consecutive patients who underwent microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Leal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-53","first-page":"817","volume-title":"Preoperative demonstration of the neurovascular compression characteristics with special emphasis on the degree of compression, using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging: A prospective study, with comparison to surgical findings, in 100 consecutive patients who underwent microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Leal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-54","first-page":"218","volume-title":"MR cisternography in the posterior fossa: The evaluation of trigeminal neurovascular compression","author":"Anqi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oishi M, Fukuda M, Noto Y, Kawaguchi T, Hiraishi T, Fujii Y. Trigeminal neuralgia associated with the specific bridging pattern of transverse pontine vein: Diagnostic value of three-dimensional multifusion volumetric imaging. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2011;89:226-33.","DOI":"10.1159\/000326778"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-56","first-page":"1000","volume-title":"Characteristics of neurovascular compression in facial neuralgia patients by 3D high-resolution MRI and fusion technology","author":"Guo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-57","first-page":"476","volume-title":"Characterization of neurovascular compression in facial neuralgia patients by 3D high-resolution MRI and image fusion technique","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-58","first-page":"1045","volume-title":"Advanced virtual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in neurovascular conflict: Bidimensional image fusion and virtual cisternography","author":"Granata","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-59","first-page":"2633","volume-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia: Assessment with T2 VISTA and FLAIR VISTA fusion imaging","author":"Cha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-60","first-page":"603","volume-title":"Severity analysis of neurovascular contact in patients with trigeminal neuralgia: Assessment with the inner view of the 3D MR cisternogram and angiogram fusion imaging","author":"Satoh","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shimizu M, Imai H, Kagoshima K, Umezawa E, Shimizu T, Yoshimoto Y. Detection of compression vessels in trigeminal neuralgia by surface-rendering three-dimensional reconstruction of 1.5- and 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging. World Neurosurg 2013;80:378-85.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.05.030"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-62","first-page":"1251","volume-title":"High-resolution 3D-constructive interference in steady-state MR imaging and 3D time-of-flight MR angiography in neurovascular compression: A comparison between 3T and 1.5T","author":"Garcia","year":"2012","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-63","first-page":"847","volume-title":"Topiramate versus carbamazepine for the treatment of classical trigeminal neuralgia: A meta-analysis","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-64","first-page":"243","volume-title":"Lamotrigine for trigeminal neuralgia: Efficacy and safety in comparison with carbamazepine","author":"Shaikh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Chin Med Assoc"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-65","first-page":"2059","volume-title":"Treatment of refractory trigeminal neuralgia with intravenous phenytoin","author":"Tate","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-66","first-page":"98","volume-title":"Use of single- and multi-drug regimens in the management of classic (idiopathic) trigeminal neuralgia: An 11-year experience at a single Sri Lankan institution","author":"Ariyawardana","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Investig Clin Dent"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-67","first-page":"296","volume-title":"Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: Update","author":"Zakrzewska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-68","first-page":"960","volume-title":"Intravenous lidocaine and magnesium for management of intractable trigeminal neuralgia: A case series of nine patients","author":"Arai","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Anesth"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-69","first-page":"551","volume-title":"Influence of anatomic location of lidocaine patch 5% on effectiveness and tolerability for postherpetic neuralgia","author":"Nalamachu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-70","first-page":"1202","volume-title":"The capsaicin 8% patch for neuropathic pain in clinical practice: A retrospective analysis","author":"Wagner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-71","first-page":"386","volume-title":"Associations between chronic pain and depressive symptoms in patients with trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Macianskyte","year":"2011","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-72","first-page":"264","volume-title":"Efficacy, safety and tolerability of duloxetine in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Anand","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Indian Med Assoc"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-73","first-page":"443","volume-title":"Botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-74","first-page":"e15","volume-title":"Can the neurovascular compression volume of the trigeminal nerve on magnetic resonance cisternography predict the success of local anesthetic block after initial treatment by the carbamazepine?","author":"Shiiba","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-75","first-page":"30","volume-title":"A systematic review on acupuncture for trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Altern Ther Health Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-76","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Peripheral nerve stimulation for trigeminal neuropathic pain","author":"Stidd","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-77","first-page":"1322","volume-title":"Hypothalamic stimulation for trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis patients: Efficacy on the paroxysmal ophthalmic pain","author":"Cordella","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-78","first-page":"E13","volume-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the posteromedial hypothalamus: Indications, long-term results, and neurophysiological considerations","author":"Franzini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raslan AM, Nasseri M, Bahgat D, Abdu E, Burchiel KJ. Motor cortex stimulation for trigeminal neuropathic or deafferentation pain: An institutional case series experience. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2011;89:83-8.","DOI":"10.1159\/000323338"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-80","first-page":"586","volume-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia secondary to Chiari's malformation \u2013 Treatment with ventriculoperitoneal shunt","author":"Gnanalingham","year":"2005","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-81","first-page":"S17","volume-title":"Radiation mechanisms of pain control in classical trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Gorgulho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2152-7806","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-82","first-page":"e32745","volume-title":"Tractography delineates microstructural changes in the trigeminal nerve after focal radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Hodaie","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-83","first-page":"122","volume-title":"Constant face pain in typical trigeminal neuralgia and response to \u03b3 knife radiosurgery","author":"Brisman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-84","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: The impact of magnetic resonance imaging-detected vascular impingement of the affected nerve","author":"Sheehan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-85","first-page":"295","volume-title":"Repeat gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-86","first-page":"351","volume-title":"Long-term outcomes of gamma knife radiosurgery for classic trigeminal neuralgia: Implications of treatment and critical review of the literature.Clinical article","author":"Dhople","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-87","first-page":"919186","volume-title":"Clinical outcomes of gamma knife radiosurgery in the treatment of patients with trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Elaimy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-88","first-page":"1637","volume-title":"Outcome predictors after gamma knife radiosurgery for recurrent trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Kano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-89","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Clinical outcomes of 114 patients who underwent \u03b3-knife radiosurgery for medically refractory idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-90","first-page":"185","volume-title":"Comparison of the results of 2 targeting methods in gamma knife surgery for trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Matsuda","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-91","first-page":"1165","volume-title":"The retrogasserian zone versus dorsal root entry zone: Comparison of two targeting techniques of gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-92","first-page":"169","volume-title":"Is it effective to raise the irradiation dose from 80 to 85 Gy in gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia?","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-93","first-page":"1166","volume-title":"Long-term outcome of high-dose \u03b3 knife surgery in treatment of trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Young","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-94","first-page":"1401","volume-title":"Preliminary results of 45 patients with trigeminal neuralgia treated with radiosurgery compared to hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy, using a dedicated linear accelerator","author":"Fraioli","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-95","first-page":"S57","volume-title":"Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with radiosurgery","author":"Latorzeff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Radiother"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-96","first-page":"490","volume-title":"CT-only planning for gamma knife radiosurgery in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: Methodology and outcomes from a single institution","author":"Attia","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-97","first-page":"181","volume-title":"Patterns of pain-free response in 497 cases of classic trigeminal neuralgia treated with gamma knife surgery and followed up for least 1 year","author":"Tuleasca","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-98","first-page":"127","volume-title":"Long-term outcome of gamma knife surgery using a retrogasserian petrous bone target for classic trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-99","first-page":"276","volume-title":"Long term outcomes of gamma knife radiosurgery for typical trigeminal neuralgia-minimum 5-year follow-up","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-100","first-page":"616","volume-title":"Efficacy and prognosis of trigeminal neuralgia treated with surgical excision or gamma knife surgery","author":"Tang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-101","first-page":"220","volume-title":"Outcome for patients with essential trigeminal neuralgia treated with linear accelerator stereotactic radiosurgery","author":"Dos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-102","first-page":"766","volume-title":"Outcomes following single-treatment gamma knife surgery for trigeminal neuralgia with a minimum 3-year follow-up","author":"Riesenburger","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-103","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Outcomes of gamma knife surgery for trigeminal neuralgia secondary to vertebrobasilar ectasia","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-104","first-page":"82","volume-title":"Glycerol rhizotomy versus gamma knife radiosurgery for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: An analysis of patients treated at one institution","author":"Henson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-105","first-page":"e12","volume-title":"Recurrent or refractory trigeminal neuralgia after microvascular decompression, radiofrequency ablation, or radiosurgery","author":"Sanchez-Mejia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-106","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: Outcomes and complications","author":"Loescher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-107","first-page":"566","volume-title":"Predictive variables for the successful treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with gamma knife radiosurgery","author":"Marshall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-108","first-page":"447","volume-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia as primary vs.secondary treatment option","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-109","first-page":"568","volume-title":"Cyberknife and benign pathologies","author":"Lallemand","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Med Liege"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-110","first-page":"124","volume-title":"Dosimetric analysis of trigeminal nerve, brain stem doses in CyberKnife radiosurgery of trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Sudahar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Phys","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0971-6203","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-111","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Cyberknife radiosurgery in treating trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Lazzara","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurointerv Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-112","first-page":"79","volume-title":"CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgery in the treatment of patients with trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Soboleva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-113","first-page":"223","volume-title":"X-knife stereotactic radiosurgery on the trigeminal ganglion to treat trigeminal neuralgia: A preliminary study","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-114","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Percutaneous balloon compression for trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-115","first-page":"385","volume-title":"Efficacy and safety of root compression of trigeminal nerve for trigeminal neuralgia without evidence of vascular compression","author":"Revuelta-Gutierrez","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-116","first-page":"352","volume-title":"Repeated percutaneous balloon compression for recurrent trigeminal neuralgia: A long-term study","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-117","first-page":"486","volume-title":"Comparison of percutaneous balloon compression and glycerol rhizotomy for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Kouzounias","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-118","first-page":"330","volume-title":"Dyna-CT as an imaging adjunct to routine percutaneous balloon compression for trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Van","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-119","first-page":"586","volume-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients treated with percutaneous balloon compression for trigeminal neuralgia in Taiwan","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-120","first-page":"779","volume-title":"Percutaneous balloon compression for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in patients with multiple sclerosis.Analysis of the potentially prognostic factors","author":"Montano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-121","first-page":"498","volume-title":"The predictive power of balloon shape and change of sensory functions on outcome of percutaneous balloon compression for trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Asplund","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-122","first-page":"913","volume-title":"A 20-year review of percutaneous balloon compression of the trigeminal ganglion","author":"Skirving","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-123","first-page":"328936","volume-title":"Percutaneous trigeminal ganglion balloon compression rhizotomy: Experience in 27 patients","author":"Trojnik","year":"2012","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-124","first-page":"410","volume-title":"Masseter muscle function after percutaneous balloon compression of trigeminal ganglion for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: A neurophysiological follow-up study","author":"Chroni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-125","first-page":"359","volume-title":"Percutaneous retrogasserian balloon compression for trigeminal neuralgia: Review of critical technical details and outcomes","author":"Bergenheim","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-126","first-page":"48","volume-title":"Long-term outcomes of percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy in 3370 patients with trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Xu-Hui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-127","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with percutaneous glycerol injection into Meckel's cavity: Experience in 4012 patients","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-128","first-page":"245","volume-title":"Cost-effectiveness in the surgical treatments for trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Fransen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-129","first-page":"1125","volume-title":"Effectiveness of repeat glycerol rhizotomy in treating recurrent trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Bender","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-130","first-page":"785","volume-title":"Management of bilateral trigeminal neuralgia with trigeminal radiofrequency rhizotomy: A treatment strategy for the life-long disease","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-131","first-page":"657","volume-title":"Electrical neurocoagulation may be effective for intractable trigeminal neuralgia caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia","author":"Ishii","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-132","first-page":"479","volume-title":"Analgesic effects of preoperative peripheral nerve block in patients with trigeminal neuralgia undergoing radiofrequency thermocoagulation of gasserian ganglion","author":"Weng","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-133","first-page":"392","volume-title":"Radiofrequency thermocoagulation for trigeminal neuralgia without intra-operative patient waking","author":"Hart","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-134","first-page":"16","volume-title":"3D CT-guided pulsed radiofrequency treatment for trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Fang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-135","first-page":"1189","volume-title":"Pulsed radiofrequency treatment for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia: A retrospective analysis of the causes for ineffective pain relief","author":"Luo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-136","first-page":"824","volume-title":"A prospective study of gasserian ganglion pulsed radiofrequency combined with continuous radiofrequency for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-137","first-page":"e5247","volume-title":"Efficacy and safety of continuous radiofrequency thermocoagulation plus pulsed radiofrequency for treatment of V1 trigeminal neuralgia: A prospective cohort study","author":"Yao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-138","first-page":"152","volume-title":"Peripheral neurectomies: A treatment option for trigeminal neuralgia in rural practice","author":"Ali","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci Rural Pract","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0976-3147","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-139","first-page":"652","volume-title":"Pterygopalatine fossa segment neurectomy of maxillary nerve through maxillary sinus route in treating trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Zhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-140","first-page":"361","volume-title":"Clinicopathological review of patients with and without multiple sclerosis treated by partial sensory rhizotomy for medically refractory trigeminal neuralgia: A 12-year retrospective study","author":"Abhinav","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-141","first-page":"958","volume-title":"Variant intraneural vein-trigeminal nerve relationships: An observation during microvascular decompression surgery for trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Helbig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-142","first-page":"345","volume-title":"Management of recurrent trigeminal neuralgia after failed microvascular decompression","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Carballal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurocirugia (Astur)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-143","first-page":"637","volume-title":"A clinical analysis of secondary surgery in trigeminal neuralgia patients who failed prior treatment","author":"Kang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-144","first-page":"680","volume-title":"Partial sensory trigeminal rhizotomy at the pons for trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Young","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-145","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Effect of microvascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia patients with or without constant pain","author":"Sandell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-146","first-page":"511","volume-title":"Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging in type 2 trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Zacest","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-147","first-page":"345","volume-title":"Predicting the outcome of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia using magnetic resonance tomographic angiography","author":"Han-Bing","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-148","first-page":"749","volume-title":"The effect of microvascular decompression in patients with multiple sclerosis and trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Sandell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-149","first-page":"E10","volume-title":"Microvascular decompression in patients with isolated maxillary division trigeminal neuralgia, with particular attention to venous pathology","author":"Sekula","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-150","first-page":"793","volume-title":"Microvascular decompression on patients with trigeminal neuralgia caused by ectatic vertebrobasilar artery complex: Technique notes","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-151","first-page":"149","volume-title":"Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia in patients with and without prior stereotactic radiosurgery","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-152","first-page":"172","volume-title":", Frederickson AM, Jannetta PJ, Quigley MR, Aziz KM, Arnone GD.Microvascular decompression for elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia: A prospective study and systematic review with meta-analysis","author":"Sekula","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-153","first-page":"202","volume-title":"Safety of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia in the elderly.Clinical article","author":"Rughani","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-154","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Advanced age as a contraindication to microvascular decompression for drug-resistant trigeminal neuralgia: Evidence of prejudice?","author":"Ferroli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-155","first-page":"ONS139","volume-title":"Three-dimensional visualization of neurovascular compression: Presurgical use of virtual endoscopy created from magnetic resonance imaging","author":"Takao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-156","first-page":"555","volume-title":"Interactive virtual simulation using a 3D computer graphics model for microvascular decompression surgery","author":"Oishi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-157","first-page":"479","volume-title":"Preoperative evaluation of neurovascular relationships for microvascular decompression in the cerebellopontine angle in a virtual reality environment","author":"Du","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"von Eckardstein KL, Mielke D, Akhavan-Sigari R, Rohde V. Enlightening the cerebellopontine angle: Intraoperative indocyanine green angiography in microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2017;78:161-6. [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1586746"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-159","first-page":"846","volume-title":"A clinical analysis on microvascular decompression surgery in a series of 3000 cases","author":"Zhong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-160","first-page":"1037","volume-title":"Clinical features and surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia caused solely by venous compression","author":"Hong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dumot C, Sindou M. Trigeminal neuralgia due to neurovascular conflicts from venous origin: An anatomical-surgical study (consecutive series of 124 operated cases). Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2015;157:455-66.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-014-2330-3"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-162","first-page":"203","volume-title":"Quadruple vessel involvement at root entry zone in trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Choudhari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-163","first-page":"771","volume-title":"Management of intraneural vessels during microvascular decompression surgery for trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Zheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-164","first-page":"601","volume-title":"Bone drilling in microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: High morphological variety of the petrous bone","author":"Oiwa","year":"2013","journal-title":"No Shinkei Geka"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-165","first-page":"531","volume-title":"Combined transhorizontal-supracerebellar approach for microvascular decompression of trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Fujimaki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-166","first-page":"172","volume-title":"Operative strategies for minimizing hearing loss and other major complications associated with microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Bond","year":"2010","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-167","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Outcome of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia using autologous muscle graft: A five-year prospective study","author":"Jagannath","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian J Neurosurg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1793-5482","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-168","first-page":"1089","volume-title":"Surgical technique for trigeminal microvascular decompression","author":"Broggi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-169","first-page":"132","volume-title":"A simple technique for neurovascular decompression of the cranial nerves","author":"Ryu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-170","first-page":"557","volume-title":"Recurrent trigeminal neuralgia after microvascular decompression using an interposing technique.Teflon felt adhesion and the sling retraction technique","author":"Matsushima","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-171","first-page":"373","volume-title":"Stitched sling retraction technique for microvascular decompression: Procedures and techniques based on an anatomical viewpoint","author":"Masuoka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-172","first-page":"184","volume-title":"Snare technique of vascular transposition for microvascular decompression \u2013 Technical note","author":"Shigeno","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-173","unstructured":"Komatsu F, Imai M, Hirayama A, Hotta K, Hayashi N, Oda S, et al. Endoscopic microvascular decompression with transposition for trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm: Technical note. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2016. [Epub ahead of print]."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-174","first-page":"1181","volume-title":"Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia using the 'stitched sling retraction' technique in recurrent cases after previous microvascular decompression","author":"Meybodi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-175","first-page":"951","volume-title":"An easy adjustable method of ectatic vertebrobasilar artery transposition for microvascular decompression","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-176","first-page":"929","volume-title":"Use of fenestrated aneurysm clips in microvascular decompression surgery.Technical note and case series","author":"Attabib","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-177","first-page":"30","volume-title":"Complication caused by use of fibrin glue in vessel transposition for trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Ohta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-178","first-page":"341","volume-title":"Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: The importance of a noncompressive technique \u2013 Kaplan-Meier analysis in a consecutive series of 330 patients","author":"Sindou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-179","first-page":"88","volume-title":"Use of the arachnoid membrane of the cerebellopontine angle to transpose the superior cerebellar artery in microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: Technical note","author":"Skrap","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-180","first-page":"1703","volume-title":"The long-term outcome of nerve combing for trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Jie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-181","first-page":"e15","volume-title":"Nerve combing for trigeminal neuralgia without vascular compression","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-182","first-page":"32","volume-title":"Surgical treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia: Comparison of the effectiveness between MVD and MVD PSR in a series of 210 patients","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-183","first-page":"139","volume-title":"Intraoperative management to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage after microvascular decompression: Dural closure with a \u201cplugging muscle\u201d method","author":"Park","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-184","first-page":"369","volume-title":"Clinical application of artificial dura mater to avoid cerebrospinal fluid leaks after microvascular decompression surgery","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanrikulu L, Buchfelder M, Naraghi R. Fleece-bound tissue sealing in microvascular decompression. Turk Neurosurg 2016. doi: 10.5137\/1019-5149.JTN.17462-16.2. [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.5137\/1019-5149.JTN.17462-16.2"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-186","first-page":"6","volume-title":"Methods of reducing the number of complications and relapses after microvascular decompression in patients with trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Baliazin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-187","first-page":"756","volume-title":"The long-term outcome predictors of pure microvascular decompression for primary trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-188","first-page":"440","volume-title":"Long-term prognostic factors for microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Jo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-189","first-page":"360","volume-title":"Surgical results of microvascular decompression procedures and patient's postoperative quality of life: Review of 139 cases","author":"Shibahashi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-190","first-page":"882","volume-title":"Microvascular decompression surgery: Surgical principles and technical nuances based on 4000 cases","author":"Zhong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-191","first-page":"160","volume-title":"A prospective cohort study of microvascular decompression and Gamma Knife surgery in patients with trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Linskey","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-192","first-page":"12","volume-title":"Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: Visualization of results in a 3D stereoscopic virtual reality environment","author":"Christiano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-193","first-page":"313","volume-title":"Long-term follow-up of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Oesman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Skull Base"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-194","first-page":"2125","volume-title":"Surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.Results from the use of glycerol injection, microvascular decompression, and rhizotomia","author":"Degn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-195","first-page":"210","volume-title":"The importance of autonomic symptoms in trigeminal neuralgia.Clinical article","author":"Simms","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-196","first-page":"830","volume-title":"Operative findings and outcomes of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia in 35 patients affected by multiple sclerosis","author":"Broggi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-197","first-page":"18","volume-title":"The long-term outcome of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Sarsam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-198","first-page":"776","volume-title":"Loss of anisotropy in trigeminal neuralgia revealed by diffusion tensor imaging","author":"Herweh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-199","first-page":"106","volume-title":"Pre-operative declining proportion of fractional anisotropy of trigeminal nerve is correlated with the outcome of micro-vascular decompression surgery","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-200","first-page":"1500","volume-title":"The incidence of high-frequency hearing loss after microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, or geniculate neuralgia","author":"Thirumala","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-201","first-page":"308","volume-title":"Brainstem auditory evoked potential monitoring and neuro-endoscopy: Two tools to ensure hearing preservation and surgical success during microvascular decompression","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Chin Med Assoc"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-202","first-page":"787","volume-title":"Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: Recurrences and complications","author":"Olson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-203","first-page":"1297","volume-title":"Predictive model for pain recurrence after posterior fossa surgery for trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Theodosopoulos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-204","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Recurrent trigeminal neuralgia at 20 years after surgery: Case report","author":"Inoue","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-205","first-page":"719","volume-title":"Recurrent trigeminal neuralgia secondary to teflon felt","author":"Vitali","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-206","first-page":"1251","volume-title":"Microvascular decompression surgery in the United States, 1996 to 2000: Mortality rates, morbidity rates, and the effects of hospital and surgeon volumes","author":"Kalkanis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-207","first-page":"2203","volume-title":"Hydrocephalus: An underrated long-term complication of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia.A single institute experience","author":"Muratorio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-208","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Endoscopic interlaminar management of lumbar disc disease","author":"Yadav","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-209","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Endoscopic inter laminar management of lumbar disease","author":"Yadav","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J Neurosurg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1793-5482","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-210","first-page":"162","volume-title":"Endoscopic transoral excision of odontoid process in irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation: Our experience of 34 patients","author":"Yadav","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-211","first-page":"183","volume-title":"Endoscopic management of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea","author":"Yadav","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J Neurosurg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1793-5482","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-212","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Perioperative management of patients undergoing transsphenoidal pituitary surgery","author":"Zada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asian J Neurosurg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1793-5482","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-213","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Optimal invasive key-hole neurosurgery with a miniaturized 3D chip on the tip: Microendoscopic device","author":"Charalampaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian J Neurosurg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1793-5482","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-214","first-page":"325","volume-title":"Role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in tuberculous meningitis with hydrocephalus","author":"Yadav","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J Neurosurg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1793-5482","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-215","first-page":"162","volume-title":"Hemorrhagic colloid cyst: Case report and review of the literature","author":"Diyora","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian J Neurosurg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1793-5482","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-216","first-page":"147","volume-title":"Success rate of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in infants below six months of age with congenital obstructive hydrocephalus (a preliminary study of eight cases)","author":"Zohdi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian J Neurosurg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1793-5482","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-217","first-page":"32","volume-title":"Fully endoscopic vascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve","author":"Jarrahy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-218","first-page":"110","volume-title":"Endoscopic vascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve","author":"Yadav","year":"2011","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-219","first-page":"876","volume-title":"Endoscope-assisted microsurgery for microvascular compression syndromes","author":"Rak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-220","first-page":"1612","volume-title":"Neuro-otologic surgery through minimally invasive retrosigmoid approach: Endoscope assisted microvascular decompression, vestibular neurotomy, and tumor removal","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-221","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Vascular decompression of trigeminal and facial nerves in the posterior fossa under endoscope-assisted keyhole conditions","author":"Charalampaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Skull Base"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-222","first-page":"132","volume-title":"Endoscopy as a tool in minimally invasive trigeminal neuralgia surgery","author":"El-Garem","year":"2002","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-223","first-page":"522","volume-title":"Neuroendoscopy in microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm: Technical note","author":"Abdeen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-224","first-page":"1901","volume-title":"Usefulness of the endoscope in microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia and MRI-based prediction of the need for endoscopy","author":"Sandell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-225","first-page":"68","volume-title":"Adjunctive use of endoscopy during microvascular decompression in the cerebellopontine angle: 27 case reports","author":"Duntze","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-226","first-page":"456","volume-title":"Endoscopic neurovascular perspective in microvascular decompression of trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-227","first-page":"218","volume-title":"Endoscope-assisted microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve","author":"Jarrahy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-228","first-page":"ONSE489","volume-title":"Endoscope-assisted microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: Technical case report","author":"Teo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-229","first-page":"995","volume-title":"Endoscopic vascular decompression","author":"Artz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-230","first-page":"293","volume-title":"Endoscopic microvascular decompression: A stepwise operative technique","author":"Lang","year":"2012","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kher Y, Yadav N, Yadav YR, Parihar V, Ratre S, Bajaj J. Endoscopic vascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia. Turk Neurosurg 2016. doi: 10.5137\/1019-5149.JTN.17046-16.1. [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.5137\/1019-5149.JTN.17046-16.1"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-232","first-page":"E18","volume-title":"Fully endoscopic microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: Technique review and early outcomes","author":"Bohman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-233","first-page":"108","volume-title":"Adjunctive use of endoscopy during posterior fossa surgery to treat cranial neuropathies","author":"King","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-234","first-page":"330","volume-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia: Results of microsurgical and endoscopic-assisted vascular decompression","author":"Balansard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-235","first-page":"2491","volume-title":"Endoscopic microvacular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-236","first-page":"207","volume-title":"Endoscopic vascular decompression versus microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve","author":"Kabil","year":"2005","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.215788-237","first-page":"1596","volume-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia: Evaluation of the relationship between the region of neuralgic manifestation and the site of neurovascular compression under endoscopy","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"}],"container-title":["Asian Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.4103\/ajns.AJNS_67_14.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T22:53:40Z","timestamp":1663714420000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.4103\/ajns.AJNS_67_14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":237,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ajns.ajns_67_14","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1793-5482","2248-9614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1793-5482","type":"print"},{"value":"2248-9614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}}}