{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T01:44:18Z","timestamp":1782956658060,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":null,"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Anorectal malformations (ARMs) comprise a spectrum of congenital anomalies that continue to present a challenge to patients, caregivers and paediatric surgeons. The main objective of this study was to determine the anal position index (API) from anal dimple and neoanus at the sphincter muscle complex in children with high ARM.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Using a cross-sectional study design, the API was assessed from anal dimple and neoanus at the sphincter muscle complex in children with high ARM. All eligible children with high ARM who presented to AKTH during the study period were recruited into the study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Forty eligible patients with an age range of 8 months to 108 months were recruited. Twenty-five were males (62.5%) with a male: female ratio of 1.7:1. The mean pre-operative API using anal dimple was 0.47 \u00b1 0.05, while that of the post-operative API using neoanus was 0.53 \u00b1 0.04. There was a statistically significant difference between the two indices (\n t<\/jats:italic>\n = \u221211.8,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01). There was also a statistically significant difference amongst male and female indices\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05, but there were no significant differences between different age groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n This study has shown that there was a statistically significant difference between the pre-operative API and post-operative API; thus, the position of the anal dimple does not significantly predict the central position of the sphincter muscle complex.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ajps.ajps_100_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T07:17:08Z","timestamp":1725952628000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of Anal Position Indexes from Anal Dimple and Neoanus at Sphincter Muscle Complex in Children with High Anorectal Malformations in Kano, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.67481","author":[{"given":"Bilyaminu Ibrahim","family":"Liman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Federal Medical Center Birnin Kebbi, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Aminu","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lofty-John Chukwuemeka","family":"Anyanwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawal Barau","family":"Abdullahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sani Ali","family":"Aji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Salele","family":"Aliyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bashir","family":"Sa\u2019ad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Federal Teaching Hospital, Katsina, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabiu Ibrahim","family":"Jalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atiku","family":"Mamuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mujahid Muhammad","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abubakar Nagoma","family":"Usman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":null,"published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-2-33","article-title":"Anorectal 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Surg"},{"key":"R17-20240910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2017.11.043","article-title":"The position of the anal dimple in newborns and infants with anorectal malformations and its correlation with the normal anal position","volume":"53","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"R18-20240910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2006.tb02360.x","article-title":"The anal position index:A simple method to define the normal position of the anus in neonate","volume":"95","author":"Davari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"R19-20240910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-011-2914-4","article-title":"Determination of the anal position in newborns and in children with chronic constipation:comparative study in two European healthcare 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