{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:35:50Z","timestamp":1787070950888,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683763200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pretransfusion testing is an essential and important investigation to provide safe and fully compatible packed red blood cell (PRBC) unit to the recipient to prevent the fatal hemolytic transfusion reaction. Type and screen (T and S) procedure is one of the effective approaches in pretransfusion testing in which antibody screen (AS) negative recipients are transfused with an immediate saline phase compatible PRBC unit. In order to explore the feasibility of implementing T and S protocol in our institute, this study was carried out. The main aim of our study was to compare the T and S protocol in AS-negative recipients with anti-human globulin (AHG) phase crossmatch in patients requiring PRBC under elective protocol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MATERIALS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study was a cross-sectional analytical study carried out in all the elective blood samples with a history of transfusion or pregnancy. In our study, 849 elective blood samples were subjected to antibody screening by reagent 3 red cell screening panel and AS-negative blood samples were subjected to immediate saline phase crossmatch, and compatible units were issued to the patients. The same samples were subjected to AHG phase crossmatch for validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 14,705 elective requests for PRBC 849 patients had a history of transfusion or pregnancy. Of 849 patients, no case was found to be positive for antibody screening. Totally around 1028 PRBC units were saline crossmatched and totally 677 PRBC units were issued to the patients under T and S protocol. Not even a single case where AHG crossmatch was incompatible when antibody screening was negative. There was a perfect agreement between T and S method and AHG phase crossmatch. Crossmatch transfusion ratio was reduced from 2.1\u20131.5 with the implementation of T and S protocol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study validated and showed that there was a perfect agreement between T and S protocol and AHG phase crossmatch. All blood requests under elective protocol, the T and S method can be implemented for better utilization of technical workforce and better inventory management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ajts.ajts_112_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T12:07:47Z","timestamp":1751371667000},"page":"23-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Implementing type and screen method replacing conventional antiglobulin crossmatch procedure for compatibility testing in elective protocol in a tertiary care hospital"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"I Suresh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajendra G.","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dibyajyoti","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhishekh","family":"Basavarajegowda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1983.23383224903.x","article-title":"Is a room-temperature crossmatch necessary for the detection of ABO errors?","volume":"23","author":"Trudeau","year":"1983","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"R3-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.1964.tb02859.x","article-title":"Routine compatibility testing: Standards of the AABB as applied to compatibility tests","volume":"4","author":"Grove-Rasmussen","year":"1964","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"R4-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-6247.200774","article-title":"First Indian study to establish safety of immediate-spin crossmatch for red blood cell transfusion in antibody screen-negative recipients","volume":"11","author":"Tiwari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian J Transfus Sci"},{"key":"R5-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1992.tb02995.x","article-title":"A prospective study to determine the safety of omitting the antiglobulin crossmatch from pretransfusion testing","volume":"81","author":"Heddle","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"R6-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1978.18278160574.x","article-title":"The risk of abbreviating the major crossmatch in urgent or massive transfusion","volume":"18","author":"Oberman","year":"1978","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"R7-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-6247.83243","article-title":"Safety of type and screen method compared to conventional antiglobulin crossmatch procedures for compatibility testing in Indian setting","volume":"5","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian J Transfus Sci"},{"key":"R8-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.4103\/GJTM.GJTM_2_17","article-title":"Making type and screen policy an essential component of pretransfusion testing: Need of the hour in India","volume":"2","author":"Arora","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glob J Transfus Med"},{"key":"R9-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1179\/102453308X343419","article-title":"Red cell alloimmunization in a transfused patient population: A study from a tertiary care hospital in North India","volume":"13","author":"Thakral","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"R10-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1974.tb02731.x","article-title":"Prevalence of irregular red cell antibodies and their significance in blood transfusion and antenatal care","volume":"26","author":"Spielmann","year":"1974","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"R11-20260422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V76.7.1431.1431","article-title":"Transfusion and alloimmunization in sickle cell disease. 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