{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:22:11Z","timestamp":1790194931094,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664323200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Weak D red cells were defined as having a reduced amount of D antigen (formerly called \u201cDu\u201d) that required an indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) for detection. Weakly reacting D is those which give &lt;2+ reactions on routine methods. The present study is sharing our experience on weak D and weakly positive anti-D in various methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MATERIALS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All the blood sample of patients and blood donor, which were RhD negative, were included in the study. Furthermore, RhD positive sample &lt;2+ was included. We repeated blood grouping of all these samples by gel card (Tulip), tube method (two different antisera), slide method, and Solid Phase Red Cell Adherence (SPRCA) (Immucore, USA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total number of samples were 27,245. RhD negative found out to be 945 (3.46%). Out of all, 929 (98.3%) samples were Rh D negative in gel card and IAT negative, while 16 (1.7%) were weak D positive. Rh D typing with these samples by different antisera at four platforms showed that 14 were weakly positive (&lt;2+) in any of the four platforms. Similarly, out of 26,300 Rh D Positive samples, 21 samples (0.079%) were serologically weak (&lt;2+). Repeat Rh D typing was done with different antisera in all four platforms. Result showed more than 50% were Rh D negative in any of four platforms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Above observation showed that serological tests at various platforms failed to distinguish weak D from weakly reacting D. Thus, we propose that weakly reacting D should be treated equal as weak D unless they are distinguished by genotyping.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ajts.ajts_34_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T04:48:23Z","timestamp":1664254103000},"page":"277-280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Serological comparison of weak D versus weakly reacting D by four different methods"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Dibyajyoti","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine, JIPMER Blood Centre, JIPMER, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Girija Nandini","family":"Kanungo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachita","family":"Behera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Partha Sarathi","family":"Jena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20241224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.21307\/immunohematology-2019-411","article-title":"Incidence of weak D in blood donors typed as D positive by the Olympus PK 7200","volume":"21","author":"Jenkins","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunohematology"},{"key":"R3-20241224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12275","article-title":"Variants of RhD \u2013 Current testing and clinical consequences","volume":"161","author":"Daniels","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"R4-20241224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12941","article-title":"It's time to phase in RHD genotyping for patients with a serologic weak D phenotype","volume":"55","author":"Sandler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"R5-20241224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14757","article-title":"Serological weak D phenotypes: A review and guidance for interpreting the RhD blood type using the RHD genotype","volume":"179","author":"Gerald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"R6-20241224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/voxs.12280","article-title":"International society of blood transfusion working party on red cell immunogenetics and terminology: Report of the Seoul and London meetings","volume":"11","author":"Storry","year":"2016","journal-title":"ISBT Sci Ser"},{"key":"R7-20241224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1976.tb00935.x","article-title":"The primary Rho (D) immune response in male volunteers","volume":"32","author":"Gunson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"R8-20241224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1981.21181127486.x","article-title":"A successful program of immunizing Rh-negative male volunteers for anti-D production using frozen\/thawed blood","volume":"21","author":"Urbaniak","year":"1981","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"R9-20241224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12127","article-title":"International society of blood transfusion working party on red cell immunogenetics and blood group terminology: Cancun report (2012)","volume":"107","author":"Storry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"R10-20241224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-6247.67030","article-title":"Weak D prevalence among Indian blood donors","volume":"4","author":"Makroo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asian J Transfus Sci"},{"key":"R11-20241224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2005.00625.x","article-title":"Do we need to be more concerned about weak D antigens?","volume":"45","author":"Garratty","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"R12-20241224","first-page":"270","article-title":"Controversies in transfusion medicine","volume":"31","author":"Contreras","year":"1991","journal-title":"Testing for Du: Con. Transfusion"}],"container-title":["Asian Journal of Transfusion Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ajts.AJTS_34_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:00:24Z","timestamp":1786647624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ajts.AJTS_34_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ajts.ajts_34_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0973-6247","1998-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0973-6247","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-03-18","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-26","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}