{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:39:11Z","timestamp":1786649951730,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699315200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n \n Examples of group B red cells that react weakly or not at all with anti-B have been described. Subgroups of B such as B\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n , B\n x<\/jats:sub>\n , B\n m<\/jats:sub>\n , and B\n el<\/jats:sub>\n are rare and are less frequently reported. We studied the frequency of subgroups of B in our healthy blood donor population and serologically characterized and differentiated these subgroups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n MATERIALS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n The 9-year prospective study included 84,534 healthy blood donors. Initial blood grouping and antibody screening of all donor samples were performed using automated solid-phase assay. Any sample showing blood group discrepancy or weaker agglutination was subjected to further immunohematological investigations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n \n Among 84,534 healthy donors, \u201cB\u201d blood group was found in 29,190 (34.53%). Weak B phenotypes were demonstrated in 9 (0.031%) B donors. Among the 9 weak B phenotypes, B\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n was the most common followed by B\n m<\/jats:sub>\n . The frequency of B\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n , B\n m<\/jats:sub>\n , B\n x<\/jats:sub>\n , and B\n el<\/jats:sub>\n in our blood donor population was found to be 1 in 21,133, 1 in 28,178, 1 in 84,534, and 1 in 84,534, respectively. Red cell agglutination with anti-B and anti-AB varied from Wk+ to 2+ with or without mixed-field agglutination in the B\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n and B\n x<\/jats:sub>\n phenotypes. Naturally occurring anti-B of immunoglobulin M type was detected in the B\n x<\/jats:sub>\n donor. Two (22.2%) of the 9 donors were found to be nonsecretor. Adsorption-elution demonstrated \u201cB\u201d antigen specificity in different strengths in B\n m<\/jats:sub>\n , B\n x<\/jats:sub>\n , and B\n el<\/jats:sub>\n phenotypes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n We conclude that differentiating weak subgroups of \u201cB\u201d by serological assays is possible to a great extent with technical expertise. Mistyping weak subgroups of B as \u201cO\u201d group may lead to reporting errors and wrong blood transfusion. Therefore, blood centers in developing countries including India should establish simple techniques to detect and differentiate weak subgroups and develop procedures to ensure safe blood transfusion and transplantation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ajts.ajts_36_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T01:01:22Z","timestamp":1707267682000},"page":"225-229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of \u201cweak B\u201d phenotypes and their evaluation and differentiation in healthy blood donor population in Eastern India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Sudipta Sekhar","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine, Apollo Multispeciality Hospitals, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sourav","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine, Apollo Multispeciality Hospitals, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sourav","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine, Apollo Multispeciality Hospitals, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20241224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.12176","article-title":"Blood group discrepancies at a tertiary care centre \u2013Analysis and resolution","volume":"36","author":"Kaur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"R10-20241224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1309\/X59TAAYPEPCNBLUJ","article-title":"Importance of weak ABO subgroups","volume":"36","author":"Thakral","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lab Med"},{"key":"R11-20241224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1986.26587020118.x","article-title":"The B3 phenotype in Chinese","volume":"26","author":"Lin-Chu","year":"1986","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"R12-20241224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0338-4535(78)80042-7","article-title":"Real frequency of the Weak B phenotypes","volume":"21","author":"Garretta","year":"1978","journal-title":"R\u00e9v Fr Transfus Immunoh\u00e9matol"},{"key":"R13-20241224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1974.tb02450.x","article-title":"Incidence of \u201cBombay\u201d (oh) phenotype and weaker variants of A and B antigen in Bombay (India)","volume":"27","author":"Bhatia","year":"1974","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"R14-20241224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.10296","article-title":"Allelic genes of blood group antigens: A source of human mutations and cSNPs documented in the blood group antigen gene mutation database","volume":"23","author":"Blumenfeld","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"R15-20241224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.5.1585","article-title":"Genomic analysis of clinical samples with serologic ABO blood grouping discrepancies: Identification of 15 novel A and B subgroup alleles","volume":"98","author":"Olsson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R16-20241224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2732","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V88.7.2732.bloodjournal8872732","article-title":"Molecular genetic analysis of variant phenotypes of the ABO blood group system","volume":"88","author":"Ogasawara","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R17-20241224","first-page":"116","article-title":"Molecular genetic analysis of the ABO blood group system: 1. Weak subgroups: A3 and B3 alleles","volume":"64","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"R19-20241224","first-page":"281","article-title":"Activity of IgG and IgM ABO antibodies against some weak A (A3, Ax, Aend) and weak B (B3, Bx) red cells","volume":"37","author":"Lopez","year":"1979","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"R21-20241224","first-page":"8","article-title":"Human blood-group A and H-specified glycosyltransferase levels in the sera of newborn infants and their mothers","volume":"34","author":"Tilley","year":"1978","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"R22-20241224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1978.18579036388.x","article-title":"Weak B antigen in a family","volume":"18","author":"Boose","year":"1978","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"R23-20241224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1007\/s12288-017-0788-x","article-title":"Discrepancy in blood grouping: Subgroups of B-challenges and dilemma","volume":"33","author":"Chaurasia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus"}],"container-title":["Asian Journal of Transfusion Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ajts.ajts_36_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:00:22Z","timestamp":1786647622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ajts.ajts_36_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ajts.ajts_36_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0973-6247","1998-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0973-6247","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-02-13","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-25","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}