{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:29:28Z","timestamp":1790436568552,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most prevalent craniofacial birth abnormality is cleft lip and palate (CLP), which affects around 1 in 700 live births globally. This study evaluates the age-related changes in airway dimensions in children and adults with cleft lip and palate and compares the findings to normal subjects matched for age and sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional observational study, 300 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were examined and coded matching the subjects in the experiment for age and gender. OnDemand three-dimensional (3D) software was used to generate 3D models for the airways of the subjects and for calculating their airway volumes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In CLP patients, the airway volumes, along with the corresponding values for cross-sectional area were considerably lower than those in the control group. In CLP patients, unilateral cleft had a statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001) decreased area than bilateral cleft. Irrespective of cleft or control, the volume and area were found to be statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001) and more in adult than child subjects. Gender-wise volume was found to be significantly more (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001) in adult bilateral cleft males when compared to other groups. Gender-wise comparison of area in bilateral cleft patients was found to be more in adult subjects as compared to child and adult controls and unilateral clefts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surgeons would need to take the information obtained from the results of this study when considering a therapeutic surgical procedure in the management of CLP or obstructive sleep apnoea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ams.ams_151_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T06:12:07Z","timestamp":1742278327000},"page":"19-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pharyngeal Airway Analysis for Area and Volume in Patients Affected by Unilateral and Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate \u2013 A Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shalu","family":"Rai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, School of Dental Sciences, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumit","family":"Bhateja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manav Rachna Dental College, School of Dental Sciences, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e430","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1776868","article-title":"Effects of 3D airway geometry on the airflow of adults with cleft lip and palate and obstructive sleep apnea: A functional 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