{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T23:26:01Z","timestamp":1787959561627,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maxillofacial trauma accounts for a high percentage of patients reporting to the emergency medicine department and being admitted in the hospital. The purpose of this study was to form a direct association between maxillofacial fractures and traumatic brain injury (TBI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety patients with maxillofacial fractures that reported to\/were referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery were observed for features indicative of TBI based on clinical presentation and radiological interpretations. Parameters such as loss of consciousness, vomiting, dizziness, headache, seizures and the requirement for intubation, cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea and otorrhoea were also assessed. Appropriate radiographs for the diagnosis of the fracture were taken followed by a computed tomography (CT) scan when indicated in accordance to the Canadian CT Head Rule. These scans were then assessed for contusion, extradural haemorrhage, subdural haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, pneumocephalus and cranial bone fracture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 90 patients were evaluated, of which 91.1% were males and 8.9% were females. Association between the occurrence of head injury and different maxillofacial bone fractures using the Chi-square test showed a statistical significance of &lt;0.001 in patients with naso-orbito-ethmoid as well as frontal bone fractures. There was a clear association between fractures present in the upper as well as the middle third of the face and traumatic head injury (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with the frontal bone and zygomatic bone fractures have a high prevalence of TBI. Patients with the upper and middle third of the face injury are more prone to traumatic head injury and importance should be given to patients with the same and prevent poor prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ams.ams_169_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T13:33:58Z","timestamp":1673357638000},"page":"161-165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Role of the Maxillofacial Surgeon in Identifying the Correlation Between Facial Bone Fractures and Traumatic Brain Injury - A Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Romir","family":"Navaneetham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suresh","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Ehtaih","family":"Sham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veerendra","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2006.03.021","article-title":"Correlating facial fractures and cranial injuries","volume":"64","author":"Pappachan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R2-9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-017-1078-8","article-title":"Brain injuries and facial fractures: A prospective study of incidence of head injury associated with maxillofacial trauma","volume":"17","author":"Joshi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg"},{"key":"R3-9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.4103\/jioh.jioh_9_18","article-title":"Epidemiology and incidence of traumatic head injury associated with maxillofacial fractures: A global perspective","volume":"10","author":"Abosadegh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Int Oral Health"},{"key":"R4-9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjtee.2018.12.004","article-title":"Use of neuron-specific enolase to predict mild brain injury in motorcycle crash patients with maxillofacial fractures: A pilot study","volume":"22","author":"Ruslin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J Traumatol"},{"key":"R5-9-20240828","first-page":"E01","article-title":"Head injury- a maxillofacial surgeon's perspective","volume":"10","author":"Choonthar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R7-9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70164-9","article-title":"Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in adults","volume":"7","author":"Maas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"R8-9-20240828","first-page":"162","article-title":"Interrelation of maxillofacial fractures and cranial injury \u2013 A prospective study","volume":"3","author":"Sandhya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Appl Dent Sci"},{"key":"R9-9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12052","article-title":"Maxillofacial injuries and traumatic brain injury \u2013 A pilot study","volume":"30","author":"Rajandram","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"R10-9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjtee.2017.12.005","article-title":"Patterns of brain injuries associated with maxillofacial fractures and its fate in emergency Egyptian polytrauma patients","volume":"21","author":"Elbaih","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin J Traumatol"},{"key":"R11-9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2016.01.016","article-title":"The effect of direction of force to the craniofacial skeleton on the severity of brain injury in patients with a fronto-basal fracture","volume":"45","author":"Stephens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R12-9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2018.11.024","article-title":"Coincidence of craniocerebral and craniofacial injuries","volume":"47","author":"B\u0142aszczyk","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"}],"container-title":["Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ams.ams_169_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:31:47Z","timestamp":1787758307000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ams.ams_169_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ams.ams_169_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["2231-0746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2231-0746","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}}}