{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T19:21:06Z","timestamp":1783106466287,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-mucormycosis maxillary, mid-facial and mandibular defects are often extensive, multi-planar and occur in medically compromised patients, making conventional obturators, free flaps and standard implant protocols challenging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three-dimensional (3D)-printed patient-specific implants (PSIs) have emerged as a digitally planned, titanium-based alternative, but clinical evidence remains fragmented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search of electronic databases and manual sources was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Eligibility Criteria:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies reporting clinical outcomes of 3D-printed PSIs in patients with post-mucormycosis maxillary\/mid-facial defects were included. Data on patient\/defect characteristics, PSI design, complications, functional and aesthetic outcomes were extracted. Risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute checklists for cohort\/case series and case reports.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants and Interventions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Defects were predominantly Brown Class II\u2013III maxillectomy and complex mid-facial\/orbital defects treated with computed tomography\/cone-beam computed tomography-guided, additively manufactured titanium PSIs, often integrated with zygomatic anchorage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Appraisal:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pooled analysis of five multi-patient cohorts (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 67) showed a PSI survival proportion of 0.96 (95% confidence interval = 0.91\u20131.00) at 6\u201324 months, with negligible heterogeneity (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0%). Complications were mostly minor and true PSI loss was rare.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Functional (mastication, speech and leakage control) and aesthetic outcomes, where reported, were generally favourable with high patient satisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3D-printed PSIs show excellent short-term survival and promising functional and aesthetic rehabilitation in extensive post-mucormycosis defects, but current evidence is limited to small, high-bias observational studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Robust prospective and comparative research is needed before routine adoption can be recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ams.ams_226_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T19:00:10Z","timestamp":1783105210000},"page":"101-108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Three-dimensional printed Patient-specific Implants for Reconstruction after Post-mucormycosis Maxillofacial Defects - A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jayneel","family":"Raichura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. D. 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