{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:34:40Z","timestamp":1791855280479,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 95% among all head and neck cancers. Literature reveals saliva as a predictive, diagnostic and prognostic tool in carcinoma, inflammatory and genetic disorders. Expression of salivary interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been reported in patients with OSCC and in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). This study aims at the following objectives: \u00b7 To evaluate the changes in the salivary levels of IL-6 in healthy individuals and those with chronic periodontitis (CP), OPMD and OSCC. \u00b7 To compare the estimated levels of salivary IL-6 individually in healthy individuals and those with CP, OPMD and OSCC. \u00b7 To assess the estimated levels of salivary IL-6 individually within histopathologically differentiated OSCC. \u00b7 To analyse salivary IL-6 as a reliable biomarker in the diagnosis of OSCC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Totally, 60 patients were divided into four groups consisting of 15 patients in each group. Salivary samples were collected by simple drooling method. The concentration of IL-6 is to be determined by using Quantitative sandwich ELISA technique. All analyses were carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The concentration values of IL-6 were found to be more in OSCC group in comparison with the other three groups and the concentration values of OPMD were found to be more than in the CP and control group and was statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We attempted a study to evaluate the salivary IL-6 in patients with OSCC, OPMDs and CP in comparison with the healthy controls. We achieved a pragmatic result showed that salivary IL-6 can be a reliable biomarker in the detection of OSCC. Saliva, due its wide array of functional characteristics, is an upcoming diagnostic fluid in the field of medicine and salivary IL-6 can be one such biomarker in the diagnosis of OSCC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ams.ams_240_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T09:00:18Z","timestamp":1690794018000},"page":"70-75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Evaluation of Salivary Interleukin-6 in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders, Chronic Periodontitis and in Healthy Controls - A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"N. Alice Josephine","family":"Rani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. G. Harsha","family":"Vardhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srividhya","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saraswathi K.","family":"Gopal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e402","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.20373","article-title":"Evaluation of pretreatment serum interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha as a potential biomarker for recurrence in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"20","author":"Skrinjar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"key":"R2-20240828","first-page":"4899","article-title":"Salivary and serum interleukin-6 levels in oral premalignant disorders and squamous cell carcinoma: Diagnostic value and clinicopathologic correlations","volume":"17","author":"Dineshkumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"R3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2021.1944106","article-title":"Diagnostic salivary biomarkers in oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders and their relationships to risk factors \u2013 A systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Piyarathne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Diagn"},{"key":"R4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3664516","article-title":"Salivary biomarkers in periodontitis patients: A pilot study","author":"Reddahi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Dent 2022"},{"key":"R5-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2021.105375","article-title":"Linking chronic periodontitis and oral cancer: A review","volume":"121","author":"Kavarthapu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"R6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/ajco.12330","article-title":"Salivary interleukin-6 in the detection of oral cancer and precancer","volume":"11","author":"Panneer Selvam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics7020021","article-title":"Salivary IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-a as potential diagnostic biomarkers for oral cancer","volume":"7","author":"Sahibzada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"R8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1105674","article-title":"Interleukin-6 biology is coordinated by membrane-bound and soluble receptors: Role in inflammation and cancer","volume":"80","author":"Rose-John","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"R9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.21053\/ceo.2019.00906","article-title":"Association between interleukin-6 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Uz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"R10-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10081658","article-title":"Potential non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Dikova","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"R11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.21775\/cimb.037.047","article-title":"A review on salivary proteomics for oral cancer screening","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"R13-20240828","first-page":"1","article-title":"Usefulness of salivary biomarkers in oral precancer and cancer","volume":"4","author":"Rodriguez-Archilla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Dent Med J Adv Res"},{"key":"R14-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.15761\/CMI.1000180","article-title":"Detection of interleukin 6 (IL-6) antigen in the head and neck carcinoma cells","volume":"4","author":"Raj\u010d\u00e1ni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Med Invest"},{"key":"R15-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23615","article-title":"Interleukin-6 predicts recurrence and survival among head and neck cancer patients","volume":"113","author":"Duffy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2749","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20112749","article-title":"Serum levels of interleukin-6 and titers of antibodies against Porphyromonas gingivalis could be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"20","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R17-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2022-0793","article-title":"Saliva \u2013 A new opportunity for fluid biopsy","volume":"61","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"R18-20240828","first-page":"817","article-title":"Detection of interleukins-6 and 8 in saliva as potential biomarkers of oral pre-malignant lesion and oral carcinoma: A breakthrough in salivary diagnostics in Pakistan","volume":"30","author":"Khyani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pak J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"R19-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2017.09.016","article-title":"Evaluation of saliva and plasma cytokine biomarkers in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"47","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R20-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2018.74880","article-title":"Interleukin-6 levels in the serum and saliva of patients with oral lichen planus compared with healthy controls: A meta-analysis study","volume":"43","author":"Mozaffari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cent Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"R21-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2019.0070","article-title":"Evaluation of serum and salivary interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Rezaei","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"R22-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5592","DOI":"10.53730\/ijhs.v6nS1.6112","article-title":"To compare the levels of salivary interleukin 6 between oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Harshy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Health Sci"},{"key":"R23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.130.8.929","article-title":"Interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 as potential biomarkers for oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"130","author":"St John","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"R24-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6795","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22136795","article-title":"Salivary cytokines as biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Ferrari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R25-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1712718","article-title":"Cytokines and chemokines in periodontitis","volume":"14","author":"Ramadan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"}],"container-title":["Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ams.ams_240_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:17:06Z","timestamp":1787761026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ams.ams_240_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ams.ams_240_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["2231-0746","2249-3816"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2231-0746","type":"print"},{"value":"2249-3816","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-20","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-19","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}