{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:17:00Z","timestamp":1787840220630,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a repolarization defect of heart involving potassium linked channels and it usually manifests clinically as seizures, syncope, or sudden cardiac death syndrome in children secondary to its characteristic ventricular tachy-arrhythmia like torsades de pointes. The reason behind epilepsy or seizures like activity in this disease is the sequelae of prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion secondary to the cardiac dysrhythmia. The aim of study is to look for clinical spectrum and risk factors associated with LQTS among children presenting with epilepsy, which can predict the early diagnosis of LQTS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For this observational study, 422 patients having epilepsy presenting for the first time in a 3-year period were enrolled. Demographical profile, LQTS measures, and various factors under observation were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 422 enrolled children (M: F 1.8:1) with age ranging from 4 to 87 months (median 23 months), 8 (1.9%) children who presented with epilepsy had LQTS. Among those, mean QTc on electrocardiogram was 454 \u00b1 31 msec and mean Schwartz score &gt;3. Half of the patients with LQTS had deafness (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002) and 37.5% had a positive family history (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0045). Nearly a third (37.5%) presented with syncope and 87.5% patients with LQTS had no postictal drowsiness or sleep (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.004).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LQTS is underestimated in children presenting with epilepsy and LQTS should be considered as an alternate diagnosis in children with recurrent seizures or syncopal attacks. The brief period of seizures with no postictal drowsiness, syncope, and strong family history are the features which may help in segregating LQTS from epilepsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/apc.apc_10_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T15:06:01Z","timestamp":1648220761000},"page":"485-489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Overt long QT syndrome in children presenting with seizure disorders in Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Usman","family":"Rashid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children Hospital Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Omair","family":"Virk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children Hospital Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashid","family":"Nawaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Medicine, DHQ Hospital Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahir","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Medicine, DHQ Hospital Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zile","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children Hospital Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250602","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19990924)89:3<137::AID-AJMG4>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome: A Norwegian perspective","volume":"89","author":"Tranebjaerg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"R2-20250602","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2994","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.981381","article-title":"Sudden cardiac arrest without overt heart disease","volume":"123","author":"Modi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R3-20250602","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2013.08.001","article-title":"Genotype- and phenotype-guided management of congenital long QT syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Giudicessi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cardiol"},{"key":"R4-20250602","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000335760.02995.ca","article-title":"Identification of a possible pathogenic link between congenital long QT syndrome and epilepsy","volume":"72","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R5-20250602","first-page":"214","article-title":"Seizure-like episodes and EEG abnormalities in patients with long QT syndrome","volume":"61","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Epilepsy"},{"key":"R6-20250602","first-page":"659","article-title":"The congenital long QT syndrome: An unusual cause of childhood seizures","volume":"140","author":"Horn","year":"1986","journal-title":"AJDC"},{"key":"R7-20250602","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3381","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.12.3381","article-title":"Long QT syndrome patients with mutations of the SCN5A and HERG genes have differential responses to Na+channel blockade and to increases in heart rate. 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