{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:21:51Z","timestamp":1787775711214,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n The current recommended secondary prevention of rheumatic fever (RF)\/rheumatic heart disease (RHD) includes every 21\u201328 days injection of benzathine penicillin G (BPG), which causes pain. We evaluated the effect of the coadministration of lidocaine on reducing the pain of BPG injections in children with RF\/RHD.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Children aged 7\u201318 years who received BPG were eligible for a randomized crossover study. Participants received a secondary prophylaxis dose of intramuscular (IM) BPG with and without additional lidocaine as a diluent (0.2\u20130.4 mg\/kg) and were randomized to the intervention (as a sequence). Participants and staff completing the evaluation were blinded to the sequence. Pain scales were assessed by participants using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and staff using the Wong\u2013Baker Faces Pain Scale (WBFPS) at 5 and 60 min after injection.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Forty-two children were included in the study. Both lidocaine and aquadest sterile water groups were well matched in baseline characteristics. The pain scores at 5 min after BPG injection were lower when lidocaine was coadministrated: 2 (min\u2013max 1\u20139) in lidocaine versus 5 (min\u2013max 1\u20139) in sterile water (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001) using VAS score and 2 (min\u2013max 0\u201310) in lidocaine versus 4 (1\u20138) in sterile water (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.002) using WBFPS. Scores at 60 min after BPG injection showed no differences between treatments with\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.551 and\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.167, respectively, using VAS and WBFPS. No adverse event was observed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n The coadministration of lidocaine as diluent resulted in reduced pain 5 min after IM injection of BPG.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/apc.apc_161_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T14:00:38Z","timestamp":1745503238000},"page":"420-424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Utility of lidocaine in reducing pain of intramuscular benzathine penicillin G in children with rheumatic heart disease: A randomized, double-blind crossover study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ni Putu Veny Kartika","family":"Yantie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, Department of Child Health, Medical Faculty of Universitas Udayana, Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eka","family":"Gunawijaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, Department of Child Health, Medical Faculty of Universitas Udayana, Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.4103\/mmj.mmj_272_19","article-title":"Recurrent attcks of rheumatic fever among school-age children (6-12 years)","volume":"34","author":"Saleh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Menoufia Med J"},{"key":"R3-20250424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2004.03589.x","article-title":"Pain and intramuscular injections","volume":"59","author":"Cupitt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"R4-20250424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199810000-00008","article-title":"Lidocaine as a diluent for administration of Benzathine penicillin G","volume":"17","author":"Amir","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"R5-20250424","first-page":"497","article-title":"Antibiotik untuk pencegahan demam rematik akut dan penyakit jantung rematik","volume":"41","author":"Almazini","year":"2014","journal-title":"CDK"},{"key":"R6-20250424","first-page":"236","article-title":"Lidocaine as a diluent for benzathine penicillin G reduces injection pain in patients with rheumatic fever:A prospective, randomized double-blinded crossover study","volume":"6","author":"Morsy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aust J Basic Appl Sci"},{"key":"R7-20250424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12400","article-title":"Reducing the pain of intramuscular benzathine penicillin injections in the rheumatic fever population of counties Manukau district health board","volume":"50","author":"Russell","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"R8-20250424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.21.6.957","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of ceftriaxone in humans after single-dose intramuscular administration in water and lidocaine diluents","volume":"21","author":"Patel","year":"1982","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"R9-20250424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1994.02170010074017","article-title":"Lidocaine as a diluent for ceftriaxone in the treatment of gonorrhea. Does it reduce the pain of the injection?","volume":"148","author":"Schichor","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"R11-20250424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2005.01.009","article-title":"Individual responder analyses for pain:Does one pain scale fit all?","volume":"26","author":"Dionne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"R13-20250424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2008.12.001","article-title":"Sex, gender, and pain:A review of recent clinical and experimental findings","volume":"10","author":"Fillingim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pain"}],"container-title":["Annals of Pediatric Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/apc.apc_161_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:40:00Z","timestamp":1787773200000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/apc.apc_161_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/apc.apc_161_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0974-2069","0974-5149"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0974-2069","type":"print"},{"value":"0974-5149","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-29","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-19","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}