{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:40:07Z","timestamp":1791214807740,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) in neonates is challenging with respect to indications, device selection, implantation technique, and long-term outcomes. Complex anatomy, the need for long-term pacing with high rates, and a problematic postoperative period are the major problems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prospectively followed up 22 newborns who underwent PPI below 28 days of life at our institute.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The median age at implantation was 2 days (interquartile range 1\u20139 days), and 9% were born preterm. The average heart rate before implantation was 46.4 \u00b1 7.2 bpm. Maternal lupus antibodies were positive in 8 (36.4%) neonates, whereas 11 (50.0%) had associated congenital heart disease. Nineteen neonates underwent single chamber (VVI) and three underwent dual chamber (DDD) pacemaker implantation. Over a median follow-up of 46 months (range 2\u2013123 months), the average ventricular pacing percentage was 87.5 \u00b1 24.9%, with a stable pacing threshold. Seven children underwent pulse generator replacement due to battery depletion at a median age of 47 months. Pacing-induced ventricular dysfunction was seen in five children at a median age of 23.6 months, and two underwent upgradation to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Overall mortality was 13.6%, all due to tissue hypoperfusion and lactic acidosis in the postimplantation period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PPI in neonates has a favorable outcome with excellent lead survival. Overall mortality is 13.6%, which is predominantly in the postimplantation period and related to myocardial dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/apc.apc_37_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,20]],"date-time":"2024-07-20T14:00:19Z","timestamp":1721484019000},"page":"97-100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Long-term outcome of permanent epicardial pacemaker implantation in neonates: Experience from an Indian center"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Deepanjan","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narayanan","family":"Namboodiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna Kumar Mohanan","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baiju S.","family":"Dharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepa","family":"Sasikumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Gopalakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. M.","family":"Krishnamoorthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabarinath","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sowmya","family":"Ramanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudip Dutta","family":"Baruah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2069.107234","article-title":"Pacing in children","volume":"6","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"R2-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.02.032","article-title":"ACC\/AHA\/HRS 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities: A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines (writing committee to revise the ACC\/AHA\/NASPE 2002 guideline update for implantation of cardiac pacemakers and antiarrhythmia devices) developed in collaboration with the American Association for Thoracic Surgery and Society of Thoracic 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Surg"},{"key":"R6-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2018.06.1039","article-title":"Surgical outcomes of permanent epicardial pacing in neonates and young infants less than 1 year of age","volume":"28","author":"Kwak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"R7-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-020-02332-z","article-title":"Pacemaker implantation in neonates and infants: Favorable outcomes with epicardial pacing systems","volume":"41","author":"Wildbolz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"R8-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.05.003","article-title":"Pacemaker management and in-hospital outcomes in neonatal congenital atrioventricular block","volume":"9","author":"Mikulski","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"R9-20240901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-020-02306-1","article-title":"Epicardial pacemaker in neonates and infants: Is there a relationship between patient size, device size, and wound complication?","volume":"41","author":"Erg\u00fcn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Annals of Pediatric 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